1. Creating Snags for Wildlife Rebecca Cahall FS 533 March 15, 2007

4. Where are the snags? Limited in forested landscapes –Management effects

5. Creating snags Herbicide Inoculation with fungi Girdling Pheromone baiting Topping –Saw or explosive

6. Success = Killed treesPersistedForaging Nesting Herbicide +++/ - Inoculation - + Girdling ++ - + - Pheromone / - Topping +++ + Effective +Used

7. And the best method for creating snags Topping trees below live crown Improvements? ~Combine topping with pheromone baiting

8. Questions? Sources Bull, E. L., and A. D. Partridge. 1986. Methods of killing trees for use by cavity nesters. Wildlife Society Bulletin 14:142-146. Conner, R. N., J. C. Kroll, and D. L. Kulhavy. 1983. The potential of girdled and 2,4-D injected southern red oaks as woodpecker nesting and foraging sites. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 7:125-128. Filip, G. M., C. G. Parks, F. A. Baker, and S. E. Daniels. 2004. Artificial inoculation of decay fungi into Douglas-fir with rifle or shotgun to produce wildlife trees in western Oregon. Western Journal of Applied Forestry 19:211-214. Hallet, J. G., T. Lopez, M. A. O'Connell, and M. A. Borysewicz. 2001. Decay dynamics and avian use of artificially created snags. Northwest Science 75:378-386. Ross, D. W., and C. G. Niwa. 1997. Using aggregation and antiaggregation pheromones of the Douglas-fir beetle to produce snags for wildlife habitat. Western Journal of Applied Forestry 12:52-54.