1. Important Clinicals Knee Joint

4. Knee Injury Presents as acute knee pain and signs of joint injury/instability. Valgus Injury: Laterally originating force is applied to the knee. Medial Collateral Ligament Damage

7. Varus Injury Medially originating force is applied to the knee. Lateral Collateral Ligament damage

10. Anterior Drawer Test/Sign

11. Mechanism The examiner sits on the patient's feet and grasps the patient's tibia and pulls it forward (anterior drawer test) or backward (posterior drawer test). If the tibia pulls forward or backward more than normal, the test is considered positive. Excessive displacement of the tibia anteriorly indicates that the ACL is likely torn, whereas excessive posterior displacement of the tibia indicates that the PCL is likely torn.

12. Unhappy/Terrible Triad Injury is most often sustained when a lateral (from the outside) force impacts the knee while the foot is fixed on the ground. Injury to three important ligaments. 1. ACL (anterior cruciate) 2. MCL (Medial Collateral) 3. Medial Meniscus[originally it was included, but in most cases, Lateral Meniscus involved].

15. Infra-patellar bursitis: Clergyman’s knee Pre-patellar bursitis: Housemaid’s knee Pas Anserine: Sartorius, Gracilis, Semitendinosus.

16. Locking Additional 30° of knee extension caused by medial rotation of femur on the tibia. Caused by longer articulating surface of the medial femoral condyle Unlocking: Initial 30° of knee flexion Caused by lateral rotation of femoral condyle on the tibia. Done by popliteus muscle

18. Superior/Proximal Tibiofibular Joint

19. Articular Surfaces Lateral condyle of the tibia and the head of the fibula. Type: Synovial, plane/gliding joint. Capsule: surrounds the joint and is attached to the margins of the articular surfaces. Ligaments: Anterior and Posterior ligaments. Interosseus membrane.

20. Nerve Supply: Common Fibular Nerve Movements: Small gliding movements only. No significant movement.

24. Inferior/Distal Tibiofibular Joint

25. Articular Surfaces Fibular notch at lower end of tibia and the lower end of fibula. Type: Fibrous Joint Ligaments: Interosseus membrane. Anterior and Posterior Ligaments. Transverse Ligament. Nerve Supply: Deep Fibular and Tibial Nerves.

26. Ligaments