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Published byKristin Nichols Modified over 9 years ago
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ALL ORGANISMS ARE MADE OF CELLS 1
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What is a Cell? 2
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Cell Structure,. DNA 3
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Cell 4 hens’ eggs The ostrich egg
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Early Cell Biologists Van Leeuwenhoek Hooke Schleiden Schwann Virchow 5
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Anton Van Leeuwenhoek 6
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Robert Hooke cork 7
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What Hooke saw… 8 Illustration from Robert Hooke's Micrographia, in which he proposed that living things were composed of minute structures called "cells."
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Cell Theory Matthias Schleiden German botanist Theodor Schwann German physiologist Rudolf Virchow German pathologist 9
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Cell Theory Schleiden & Schwann 1839 Virchow 1858 10
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Landmarks in Cell Biology 1595: Jansen (Holland) - 1 st compound microscope (>1 lens) 1626: Redi - argue against spontaneous generation 1655: Hooke - “cells” in cork 1674: Leeuwenhoek - protozoans 1833: Brown - cell nucleus 1839: Cell Theory (S & S) 1840: von Roelliker - sperm/egg are also cells 1857: Kolliker - mitochondria 11
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Landmarks in Cell Biology 1858: Virchow – cells from pre-existing cells 1869: Miescher – DNA 1879: Flemming – chromosome behavior during mitosis 1898: Golgi – golgi apparatus 1939: 1 st TEM 1953: Watson, Crick, Wilkins – DNA double helix 1965: 1 st commercial SEM 12
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PROKARYOTIC CELLS ARE STRUCTURALLY SIMPLE, BUT THERE ARE MANY TYPES OF THEM 13
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Every cell on earth is either… a eukaryotic cell (from the Greek for “true nucleus”) 14
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…OR a prokaryote sulfur in deep sea hydrothermal vents hydrogen sun 15
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Typical Prokaryotes 17
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EUKARYOTIC CELLS HAVE COMPARTMENTS WITH SPECIALIZED FUNCTIONS. 18
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Eukaryotes… 19
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Eukaryotes… 1.5 billion years after prokaryotes Protista: 20
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Eukaryotic cells have organelles. 21
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Which feature below is only found in eukaryotic cells? 1. Ribosomes 2. DNA 3. Cell membrane 4. Mitochondria 23
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Endosymbiosis Theory chloroplasts (plants/algae) mitochondria (plants/animals) 2 different types of prokaryotes close partnerships w/each other 24
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Endosymbiosis Theory 25
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evidence supports the theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts were originally bacteria 1. Circular DNA is present in both organelles. 2. Both organelles are larger than other organelles in the cell. 3. Both organelles are surrounded by a single lipid bilayer. 26
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CELL MEMBRANES ARE GATEKEEPERS. 27
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All cells are bordered by plasma membranes 28
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Plasma Membranes lipid bilayer - phospholipids head: 2 legs are long chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms. hydrophilic head 29
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Plasma Membranes phospholipid bilayer 30
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Molecules within the plasma membrane 32
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What determines whether a protein resides on the surface or extends through the bilayer? protein side chains 33
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What determines whether a protein resides on the surface or extends through the bilayer? transmembrane protein peripheral membrane proteins 34
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There are four primary types of membrane proteins, each of which performs a different function. 35
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The Plasma Membrane – “Fluid Mosaic” In addition to proteins, two other molecules are found in the plasma membrane: Short, branched carbohydrate chains Cholesterol 36
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Smallmouth Bass and Yellow Perch are considered warm water fish, whereas certain species of char are found in the arctic. Which fish do you think might have the most cholesterol in the membranes of its cells? 1. Smallmouth Bass 2. Yellow Perch 3. Arctic char 37
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Faulty membranes can cause disease. 38 What is Cystic Fibrosis? What is Cystic Fibrosis?
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Why do “beta blockers” reduce anxiety? 39
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Membrane surfaces have a “fingerprint” that identifies the cell. 40
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