1. Border Control! Active & Passive Transport across cell lines! After this lecture you will be able to… Part 1: Understand Diffusion and concentration gradients Part 2: Understand types of Passive Transport (Diffusion, Osmosis, facilitated diffusion) Part 3: Understand types of Active Transport

2. Diffusion http://lhs.lps.org/staff/sputnam/Biology/U3Cell/diffusion_1.png

3. Molecules move _______“where there’s _______” ____“where there’s _______” Animation from: http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/diffusion-animated.gif FROM to A LOT NOT

4. DIFFUSION across a space Happens anytime there is a __________ in concentration in one place compared to another = ________________________ DIFFERENCE Concentration gradient

5. DIFFUSION across a SPACE Molecules move automatically _______ the concentration gradient _______ an area of _______ concentration ____ an area of ________ concentration EXAMPLES Higher Lower Blue dye in beaker demo, Someone making popcorn/grilling out Strong perfume, Bad smell in room http://www.swapmeetdave.com/Humor/Farts.htmhttp://leighhouse.typepad.com/blog/images/kool_aid.jpg DOWN from to

6. DIFFUSION across a space Diffusion continues until the concentration is ________________ in space = ________________________ Equilibrium http://lhs.lps.org/staff/sputnam/Biology/U3Cell/diffusion_1.png equal everywhere

7. Molecules need to move across membranes in cells Image modified from: http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/GG/importProt.html

8. Diffusion can happen ________ a _____________ in a cell, too …as long as membrane will let the molecule _________________ across membrane pass through

9. SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE (Semi-permeable) http://life.nthu.edu.tw/~d857401/advance.html See a movie Video from: http://www.southtexascollege.edu/tdehne/BC_ShockwaveAnimations/08SWF-MembraneStructureAndFunct/08-02-MembraneStructure.swf

10. DIFFUSION automatically moves oxygen from HIGHER concentration (in lungs) to a LOWER concentration (in blood) http://www.le.ac.uk/pa/teach/va/anatomy/case2/2_2.html CELL EXAMPLE: CO 2 automatically moves from where there is a HIGHER concentration (in blood) to where there is a lower concentration (in lungs)

11. Kidspiration by: Riedell

12. Kinds of ________ Transport Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated Diffusion __________________________________ ___________________________________ PASSIVE

13. DIFFUSION across a membrane Happens anytime there is a __________ in _____________ on one side of the membrane compared to the other DIFFERENCE Molecules that move by diffusion across membranes in cells: ______________ OXYGEN CARBON DIOXIDE http://www.lionden.com/cell_animations.htm See diffusion animation concentration

14. OSMOSIS = SPECIAL KIND OF DIFFUSION IMAGE by RIEDELL See osmosis animation ____________ __________ OSMOSIS DIFFUSION Movement of molecules across a _________________ membrane from ______ concentration to _____ Semi-permeable Higher lower

15. VOCAB _____________ = substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution _____________ = substance in which a solute is dissolved SOLUTE EX: Koolaid powder = solute Water = solvent Koolaid drink = solution SOLVENT http://www.makash.ac.il/h_school/hst/hstsb/chem/luach/dissolve.jpg

16. __________________ = mass of a solute in a given volume of solution CONCENTRATION The _______ molecules there are in a given volume the ____________the concentration Images by Riedell MORE GREATER

17. See a video clip about OSMOSIS -7B

18. See an animation Osmosis1 Osmosis1 http://faculty.etsu.edu/currie/images/osmosis1.jpg Animation: http://www.ouhscphysio.org/humanphys/animations/osmosis1.swf

19. What if there is a difference in concentration but solute molecules can’t move across a membrane? WATER will move until concentration reaches equilibrium **Write: Water can move across freely, so it tries to “help out” and moves over to the high solute side to dilute it.

20. OSMOSIS HYPERTONIC: Concentration outside cell is ____________________ inside cell More water leaves cell than enters so cell ____________ GREATER THAN shrinks See an animation OSMOSIS 4 Animation from: http://www.ouhscphysio.org/humanphys/animations/osmosis4.swf

21. Cell in Hypertonic Solution CELL 15% NaCL 85% H 2 O 5% NaCL 95% H 2 O What is the direction of water movement? ENVIRONMENT

22. OSMOSIS HYPOTONIC: Concentration outside cell is ________________ inside the cell More water enters than leaves cell so cell will ___________________ LESS THAN Swell and possibly burst See an animation Osmosis3 Osmosis3 Animation from: http://www.ouhscphysio.org/humanphys/animations/osmosis3.swf

23. Cell in Hypotonic Solution CELL 10% NaCL 90% H 2 O 20% NaCL 80% H 2 O What is the direction of water movement?

24. OSMOSIS ISOTONIC: Concentration outside cell __________ concentration inside cell Water entering = water leaving so cell _____________________ EQUALS STAYS THE SAME SIZE

25. Cell in Isotonic Solution CELL 10% NaCL 90% H 2 O 10% NaCL 90% H 2 O What is the direction of water movement? The cell is at _______________. equilibrium ENVIRONMENT NO NET MOVEMENT

26. Isotonic Solution NO NET MOVEMENT OF H 2 O (equal amounts entering & leaving) Hypotonic Solution Cell Swells & may burst Hypertonic Solution Cell shrivels up

27. Animal cells http://www.stchs.org/science/courses/sbioa/metenergy/bloodcells.gif

28. Osmosis in Red Blood Cells Isotonic Hypotonic Hypertonic

29. Facilitated Diffusion _______ proteins help diffusion go faster Carrier

30. FACILITATED DIFFUSION No energy required = __________________ Moves _________ concentration gradient from ________________________ _____________________ grab molecule, change shape, and flip to other side (Like a revolving door) Molecules that move this way in cells: _______________________ PASSIVE Membrane proteins GLUCOSE HIGHER to LOWER DOWN

31. Facilitated Diffusion Animation from: http://bio.winona.edu/berg/ANIMTNS/facdifan.gif

32. Kidspiration by: Riedell

33. BUT…. What if a cell needs to move _____ or ______ molecules? http://www.d.umn.edu/~sdowning/Membranes/membraneImages/jpegimages/diffusionmedium.jpg LARGEPOLAR

34. What if cell needs to move a molecule _________ the CONCENTRATION GRADIENT? _______________ Cell example: Want to put MORE glucose into mitochondria when there is already glucose in there (LOWER  HIGHER) Image from: http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpg AGAINST

35. What if cell needs to move molecules really _______? (can’t wait for it to diffuse) Cell example: Movement of Na + & K + ions required to send nerve signals http://www.steve.gb.com/images/science/neuron.png FAST

36. We need a ____ to ____ molecules across cell membranes that _______ across by ___________ WAYHELP can’t go themselves

37. Kinds of ________Transport Sodium-Potassium Pump Endocytosis Exocytosis ________________________________________ ___________________________________ ____________________________________ ACTIVE

38. See a video clip about Na + -K + pump -7D

39. Sodium (Na+)- Potassium (K+) Pump Animation from: http://www.lionden.com/cell_animations.htm See a movie See a movie about Na+ - K+ pump

40. Sodium-Potassium pump ___________ transport (requires energy from ______) Special just for Na + and K + ions Uses integral ___________________ to move molecules Examples in nerve cells: Na + is pumped out of cells at same time K + is taken into cells ACTIVE Carrier Proteins ATP

41. See a video clip about Endo/exocytosis -7E

42. ENDOCYTOSIS Takes substances into cell _____________transport (requires __________ from ______) Uses small membrane sacs called ______________ to carry substances ACTIVE VESICLES http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/cell.html energy ATP

43. 2 KINDS of ENDOCYTOSIS Takes substances into cell If taking in: fluid or small molecules =_________________ large particles or whole cells =______________ Examples in cells: –one celled organisms eat this way –white blood cells get rid of bacteria this way PINOCYTOSIS PHAGOCYTOSIS

44. Pinocytosis Called “Cell Drinking”Called “Cell Drinking”

45. ENDOCYTOSIS Animation from: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.html http://www.accs.net/users/kriel/chapter%20nine/

46. PHAGOCYTOSIS ___________ destroying _______ White blood cell germs Called “Cell Eating”

47. EXOCYTOSIS Substances released outside of cell __________ transport (requires __________) Substances move in____________ Examples in cells: –_________ release packaged proteins this way ACTIVE VESICLES energy GOLGI

48. Exocytosis http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBooktransp.html

49. GOLGI BODIES USE EXOCYTOSIS Animation from: http://www.franklincollege.edu/bioweb/A&Pfiles/week04.html See a Golgi movie Video: http://www.southtexascollege.edu/tdehne/BC_ShockwaveAnimations/07SWF-TourOfTheCell/07-16-EndomembraneSystem.swf

50. Endocytosis & Exocytosis Watch a video clip about endo/exocytosis endo/exocytosis Watch a video clip about endo/exocytosisendo/exocytosis Choose Screen/Switch programs to view Videos from: http://www.pleasanton.k12.ca.us/avhsweb/thiel/apbio/notes/chp8/exocytosis_endocytosis.mov http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week2/endocytosis.mov

51. INSULIN being released by pancreas cells using exocytosis http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/255/255ion/fig14x26.jpg

52. Plant cells http://www.stchs.org/science/courses/sbioa/metenergy/aplantturgor.gif CELL WALL _____ keeps Plant cells from bursting

53. VACUOLES store WATER http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_vacuole.html _____________________________ = Pressure exerted by water during osmosis OSMOTIC PRESSURE

54. SO WHAT? Sitting in the bathtub causes your fingers and toes to wrinkle up when water ________ your skin cells by osmosis Bath water is ________________ compared to you hypotonic enters

55. Grocery stores spray water on their veggies to “plump them up” http://www.painetworks.com/photos/gt/gt0461.JPG

56. SO WHAT?