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Diffusion and Osmosis Transport- Passive or Active Passive transport-the movement of materials across a cell membrane without the expenditure of cell.

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Presentation on theme: "Diffusion and Osmosis Transport- Passive or Active Passive transport-the movement of materials across a cell membrane without the expenditure of cell."— Presentation transcript:

1

2 Diffusion and Osmosis

3 Transport- Passive or Active Passive transport-the movement of materials across a cell membrane without the expenditure of cell energy Active transport-the use of cell energy to move materials across a cell membrane (against concentration gradient)

4 PASSIVE TRANSPORT From high to low concentration Does not require energy from the cell –Diffusion –Osmosis –Facilitated diffusion

5 ACTIVE TRANSPORT From low to high concentration Requires energy from the cell –Active transport proteins –Endocytosis –Exocytosis

6 Solute vs Solvent Solute =a substance that is dissolved in another substance, thus forming a solution. (ie. salt, sugar) Solvent = a substance, usually a liquid, in which other substances are dissolved, thus forming a solution. (ie. Water)

7 Diffusion & Osmosis

8 DIFFUSION The NET movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Q: What is a concentration gradient??

9 What is a concentration gradient? Concentration Gradient the difference in concentration of solutes in a given space Diffusion happens when substances move “down” a concentration gradient (from high to low) until the concentration of the two areas becomes equal.Diffusion

10 http://www.biologycorner.com/bio1/diffusion.html

11 Dynamic Equilibrium At dynamic equilibrium there is no NET movement of particles. DYNAMIC implies movement EQUILIBRIUM implies a balance –No longer a concentration gradient –Particles move equally in all directions

12 Dynamic Equilibrium NOTE: At D.E. particles are still moving, its just that overall, they will remain “mixed” unless acted upon by another force. (So no “net” movement overall).

13 Diffusion occurs because particles move DOWN a concentration gradient. From high to low. Q: How large would the concentration gradient be at Dynamic Equilibrium?

14 Diffusion Diffusion will always be from an area of ___________ concentration to an area of ____________ concentration. It will continue until _______________ _______________ is reached. HIGH LOW DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM

15 Diffusion

16 OSMOSIS The diffusion of WATER across a semipermeable membrane. http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBooktransp.html

17 Types of Membranes: 1.Permeable: allows all (or most) things to cross 2.Selectively (semi-permeable) membrane: allows some things to cross but not others (ie. water can cross but solutes like salt and sugar can NOT) 3.Impermeable membrane: does NOT allow anything to cross

18 Osmosis Demos http://www.biologycorner.com/bio1/diffusion.html #http://www.biologycorner.com/bio1/diffusion.html # http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BI OBK/BioBooktransp.htmlhttp://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BI OBK/BioBooktransp.html

19 What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis? Diffusion is the NET movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration!” Osmosis is just a “special case of diffusion”. It is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. Sometimes we refer to this movement as being from an area of HIGH water potential to an area of LOW water potential.

20 But What is “WATER POTENTIAL”?? Water potential is the measure of the ability of water to move (always from high to low). It is the free energy of water in a system. Think of osmosis as the net movement of water (remember water is also just a particle) down its concentration gradient.

21 What is the cause of diffusion? Diffusion (and osmosis) happens because of the random kinetic energy (energy of motion) of particles and the existence of a concentration gradient. All matter is made of particles and those particles are constantly in motion.

22 What determines how fast diffusion occurs? WHAT AFFECTS THE RATE OF DIFFUSION IN CELLS?? 1.Temperature 2.Charge 3.Diameter (Size) of particle 4.Concentration gradient (difference in concentration) 5.Surface Area of membrane

23 Can We Control Diffusion? Diffusion is a physical process. It happens in both living and non-living systems. We can’t control it because it is a natural process. The cell sometimes needs to use energy to reverse the natural process of diffusion  Q: What is this called??

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