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4. Refraction Through Lenses Refraction and Image Formation Geometric Optics: Mirrors and Lenses > Refraction and Image Formation Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/physics?campaign_content=book_5818_section_197&campaign_term=Physics&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_medium= direct&utm_source=boundless

5. Recall that the a ray will bend as it enters a medium with a different refractive index. Since the refractive index of a lens is greater than air, a light ray will move towards the perpendicular as it enters and away as it leaves. A convex lens has been shaped so that all light rays that enter it parallel to its axis cross one another at a single point on the opposite side of the lens (the focal point). Such a lens is called a converging (or convex) lens for the converging effect it has on light rays. See. A concave lens is a diverging lens, because it causes the light rays to bend away (diverge) from its axis. shows the effect it has on rays of light that enter it parallel to its axis (the path taken by ray 2 in the figure is the axis of the lens). Refraction Through Lenses Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/physics/textbooks/alternative-to-physics-9th-john-d-cutnell-kenneth-w-johnson-1118129172-9781118129173/geometric- optics-mirrors-and-lenses-25/refraction-and-image-formation-197/refraction-through-lenses-678- 11169?campaign_content=book_5818_section_197&campaign_term=Physics&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_medium=direct&utm_source=bo undless Magnifying Glass View on Boundless.com Geometric Optics: Mirrors and Lenses > Refraction and Image Formation

6. The greater effect a lens has on light rays, the more powerful it is said to be. A powerful converging lens will focus parallel light rays closer to itself and will have a smaller focal length than a weak lens. The power of a lens is given by the equation [Equation 1]. Geometric Optics: Mirrors and Lenses > Refraction and Image Formation Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/physics/textbooks/alternative-to-physics-9th-john-d-cutnell-kenneth-w-johnson-1118129172-9781118129173/geometric- optics-mirrors-and-lenses-25/refraction-and-image-formation-197/refraction-through-lenses-678- 11169?campaign_content=book_5818_section_197&campaign_term=Physics&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_medium=direct&utm_source=bo undless Equation 1 View on Boundless.com

7. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Appendix

8. Key terms concave lens A lens having at least one concave surface, such that light rays passing through it bend away from its optical axis. convex lens A lens having at least one convex surface, such that light passing through it, may be brought to a focus. focal point A focus—a point at which rays of light or other radiation converge. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Geometric Optics: Mirrors and Lenses

9. Magnifying Glass Sunlight focused by a converging magnifying glass can burn paper. Light rays from the sun are nearly parallel and cross at the focal point of the lens. The more powerful the lens, the closer to the lens the rays will cross. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Connexions. "Image Formation by Lenses." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m42470/latest/?collection=col11406/1.7 View on Boundless.comCC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m42470/latest/?collection=col11406/1.7View on Boundless.com Geometric Optics: Mirrors and Lenses

10. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Geometric Optics: Mirrors and Lenses Since the index of refraction of the lens is greater than that of air, the ray moves A) away from the perpendicular as it enters and towards the perpendicular as it leaves B) towards the perpendicular as it enters and leaves C) away from the perpendicular as it enters and leaves D) towards the perpendicular as it enters and away from the perpendicular as it leaves

11. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Geometric Optics: Mirrors and Lenses Since the index of refraction of the lens is greater than that of air, the ray moves A) away from the perpendicular as it enters and towards the perpendicular as it leaves B) towards the perpendicular as it enters and leaves C) away from the perpendicular as it enters and leaves D) towards the perpendicular as it enters and away from the perpendicular as it leaves

12. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Geometric Optics: Mirrors and Lenses A concave lens is a A) converging lens because it causes the light rays to bend away from its axis B) converging lens because it causes the light rays to cross at the focal point C) diverging lens because it causes the light rays to cross at the focal point D) diverging lens because it causes the light rays to bend away from its axis

13. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Geometric Optics: Mirrors and Lenses A concave lens is a A) converging lens because it causes the light rays to bend away from its axis B) converging lens because it causes the light rays to cross at the focal point C) diverging lens because it causes the light rays to cross at the focal point D) diverging lens because it causes the light rays to bend away from its axis

14. Attribution Connexions. "The Law of Refraction." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m42459/latest/?collection=col11406/1.7CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m42459/latest/?collection=col11406/1.7 Wikipedia. "Lens (optics)." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics)CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) Wikipedia. "Refraction." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RefractionCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refraction Connexions. "Image Formation by Lenses." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m42470/latest/?collection=col11406/1.7CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m42470/latest/?collection=col11406/1.7 Wiktionary. "focal point." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/focal+pointCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/focal+point Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//physics/definition/concave-lensCC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com//physics/definition/concave-lens Wiktionary. "convex lens." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/convex+lensCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/convex+lens Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Geometric Optics: Mirrors and Lenses