1. Rocks and the Rock Cycle

2. El Capitan in Yosemite How did this form? www.nps.gov

3. Classifying Rocks  Igneous  Sedimentary  Metamorphic Based on how they formed

4. Igneous Rock Rock that forms from magma Magma –mix of molten rock, gases and water vapor that forms underground Magma flows from volcanoes as lava and then hardens http://pubs.usgs.gov/ publications/text/Krafla. html

5. Two types of igneous rock Intrusive rock - forms underground from hardened magma Cool slowly – create crystals

6. Granite – cools slowly so crystals form

7. Extrusive Rock – forms at Earth’s surface Cools quickly so no large crystals

8. Obsidian – cools very rapidly so atoms can’t make crystals

9. Sedimentary Rock Rock that forms over time as sediment is squeezed and cemented together Pressure causes the layers to compress

10. Three types of Sedimentary rock Clastic Chemical Organic

11. Clastic Rock Sedimentary rocks that form from broken fragments of other rocks Ex. conglomerates

12. Chemical Rock Formed when minerals precipitate out of solution Ex. Rock salt

13. Organic Rock Form due to organic processes Ex. Calcium carbonate from marine shells limestone

14. Metamorphic rock Rock that has been changed by temperature, pressure or reactions with hot water Made from all three types of rock

15. Ex. Gneiss

16. Rock Cycle Series of processes in which rocks continuously change from one type to another Caused by forces within the Earth and at the surface