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Published byMelvin Brown Modified over 8 years ago
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Atomic Orbitals And Quantum Numbers
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Quantum Numbers A series of 4 numbers (and/or letters) that specify the properties of an electron in its orbit The first 3 come from the Schrödinger equation solutions (energy level, shape and orientation of the orbital) The last one describes the electron occupying the orbital
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Principal Quantum Number Symbol is n Indicates the energy level (or shell) As n increases, so does distance from the nucleus Total number of orbitals (each can hold 2 electrons) in an energy level is n 2
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Angular Momentum Quantum Number Shape of the orbital Symbol is l Number of possible shapes for an energy level is equal to n Values possible for l are zero and positive integers up to n-1 Values for l also have letter designations
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Letter Designations for l l=0 l=1 l=2 l=3 s (shape is spherical) p (shape is dumbbell) d (shape is multiple dumbbell) f (shape is complex)
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To Designate Electrons: Electrons in the s sublevel of shell 2 would be 2s Electrons in the p sublevel of shell 3 would be 3p
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Magnetic Quantum Number Indicates the orientation around x, y and z axes Symbol is m Values range from -l to +l For example, for l=2, there are 5 orientations: - 2, -1, 0, +1, +2
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Spin Quantum Number Only two possible values, +1/2 or -1/2 Single orbital (such as 3p x ) can only hold 2 electrons, each of which has opposite spin
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