1. Выполнила Ученица 9 класса Шавернева Анжела Руководитель Воспанова Ж. Н.

2. Jazz is an original American musical art form, originating around the early 1920s in New Orleans, rooted in Western music tech­nique and theory, and is marked by the pro­found cultural contributions of African Americans. Jazz is often difficult to define, but improvisation is unquestionably a key, element of the form

3. Elements which contributed to jazz were the rhythms of Western Africa, European harmony, and religious music of black American origin

4. About 1900 also, the "blues" craze began. The form originated from Negro spirituals, and made use of a blend of major and minor harmony, and non-tempered scale intervals.

5. The subsequent history of jazz has embraced a diversity of styles, e.g. Dixie- l land, from 1912, which borrowed elements from both ragtime and blues and made a feature of group improvisation led by the trumpeter

6. The 1930s coincided with the style known as "swing". One major development in the emergence of the swing era was a rhythmic change that smoothed the two-beat rhythms of the New Orleans style into a more flowing four beats.

7. In the late 1950s "free jazz" (or "avangard jazz") crystallized. This style, while rooted in "bebop" typically uses less com­positional material and allows performers more freedom in what they choose to play.

8. Nowadays the stylistic diversity of jazz shows no sign of diminishing. It absorbs influences from such disparate sources as world music and avant garde classical music, including African rhythm and tradi­tional structure, serialism, and the extensive use of chromatic scale.

9. The influence of jazz on so-called "seri­ous music" has been widespread and bene­ficial. Claude Debussy, Maurice Ravel, Igor Stravinsky, Alban Berg, George Gershwin and Leonard Bernstein used jazz in their compositions.

10. After silence that which comes nearest to expressing the inexpressible is MUSIC. (A. Huxley)