1. DNA Structure and Function FA Learning Goal:

2. Every nucleotide is made up of… 1.Sugar 2.Phosphate 3.Nitrogen base 4.All of the above

3. NUCLEOTIDE

4. Regarding the nitrogen bases, Adenine always bonds with which one? 1.Cytosine 2.Thymine 3.Guanine 4.Uracil

5. Rules of pairing nucleotide adenine pairs with nucleotide Thymine via 2 hydrogen bonds. A=T nucleotide cytosine pairs with guanine via 3 hydrogen bonds G ≡ C 1 A =T & G ≡C pairs are called complementary base pairs 2 Each single DNA strand is a polymer made of deoxynucleotide monomers 3Deoxyribonucleotide monomers are linked from phosphate to deoxyribose sugar in the DNA backbone 4Weak Hydrogen bonds join complementary base pairs of the 2 strands of the double helix to form the rungs of the DNA ladder 5The strands are anti-parallel so that one strand has its phosphate group at the top & hydroxyl on the bottom of the strand, while the other is oriented oppositely.

6. DNA is the directions to make what macromolecule? 1.Glucose 2.Protein 3.Carbohydrates 4.Lipids

7. Cells have 4 types of macromolecules (also known as polymers) Polymer monomer main funcitons Carbohydrates monosaccharides or sugars store energy form structures Lipids like fats fatty acids store energy or phospholipidsbuild cell membranes or steroids hormones, communication Nucleic acids DNAdeoxyribonucleotidesstore genetic information RNAribonucleotide allow protein synthesis Proteinsamino acids workers (tools) of the cell enzymes, regulators, structural components

8. The two strands of DNA are bonded together in the middle by their… 1.Sugars 2.Phosphates 3.Nitrogen bases

10. If one strand of DNA had a sequence of nitrogen bases that read A C C T G A, than the complementary strand would have what sequence? 1.A C C T G A 2.C T T G A T 3.T G G A C T 4.T A A C C C

11. Nitrogen Base Pairing a.Adenine and Thymine must form two hydrogen bonds to be stable while Guanine and Cytosine must form three 1.Makes the base pairing system extremely simple 2.A-T and C-G pairs are the only ones physically possible

12. In the following DNA molecule which is the Deoxyribose Sugar 1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4 1 2 3 4

14. The letter A at the bottom of the picture represents this monomer unit? 1.Amino acid 2.Nucleotide 3.DNA 4.mRNA A

16. If your DNA ladder contains 28 sugars, how many nucleotides would your DNA ladder contain? 1.1 2.14 3.28 4.42 5.56

17. Nitrogen Base Pairing a.Adenine and Thymine must form two hydrogen bonds to be stable while Guanine and Cytosine must form three 1.Makes the base pairing system extremely simple 2.A-T and C-G pairs are the only ones physically possible

18. Where does DNA replication take place in a cell? 1.Cytoplasm 2.Endoplasmic Reticulum 3.Golgi Body 4.Nucleus 5.Vacuole

19. learn.genetics.utah.edu tour of the basics 1 What is DNA? Molecule with 2 matching (complementary) sides that wrap in a double helix. One long double helix coils Into one chromosome. DNA stores hereditary Information that controls Traits.

20. If a particular strand of DNA contains 20% Adenine, what percentage of Thymine can be expected in the complementary strand of DNA? 1.1% 2.10% 3.20% 4.40% 5.80%

21. Nitrogen Base Pairing a.Adenine and Thymine must form two hydrogen bonds to be stable while Guanine and Cytosine must form three 1.Makes the base pairing system extremely simple 2.A-T and C-G pairs are the only ones physically possible

22. Which one of the following nucleotide pair bonds would be found in a DNA molecule? 1.adenine-guanine 2.guanine-cytosine 3.adenine-cytosine 4.cytosine-uracil

23. Nitrogen Base Pairing a.Adenine and Thymine must form two hydrogen bonds to be stable while Guanine and Cytosine must form three 1.Makes the base pairing system extremely simple 2.A-T and C-G pairs are the only ones physically possible

24. The backbone of a DNA molecule is made of which two components? 1.phosphate molecules and ribose sugars 2.deoxyphosphate molecules and ribose sugars 3.phosphate molecules and deoxyribose sugars 4.deoxyphosphate molecules and deoxyribose sugars

25. Rules of pairing nucleotide adenine pairs with nucleotide Thymine via 2 hydrogen bonds. A=T nucleotide cytosine pairs with guanine via 3 hydrogen bonds G ≡ C 1 A =T & G ≡C pairs are called complementary base pairs 2 Each single DNA strand is a polymer made of deoxynucleotide monomers 3Deoxyribonucleotide monomers are linked from phosphate to deoxyribose sugar in the DNA backbone 4Weak Hydrogen bonds join complementary base pairs of the 2 strands of the double helix to form the rungs of the DNA ladder 5The strands are anti-parallel so that one strand has its phosphate group at the top & hydroxyl on the bottom of the strand, while the other is oriented oppositely.

26. Watson and Crick were the first to suggest that DNA is _____. 1.a short molecule 2.the shape of a double helix 3.a protein molecule 4.the genetic material 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930