1. Materials

2. Natural or Man Made? Natural materials can come from living things
Natural materials can be used in their natural state
Wool
Leather

3. Natural Materials
A cotton field
This is rubber tapping

4. Natural Materials
A Silkworm
Diamond Mining
An Oil Rig

5. Iron age tools and weapons
Metals are Natural
Metals taken from ores are natural
Gold Bullion
A Silver Nugget
Iron age tools and weapons

6. Synthetic (Man Made) Materials
These are materials that are not made by animals or plants or found naturally in the ground
They are made by man
Nylon Toothbrush Bristles
Rayon Fibres

7. Synthetic Materials Plastics are man made Polystyrene Packaging
Polythene Plastic Bags
Polycarbonate CDs

8. Synthetic Materials The Delorean was made from Stainless Steel
Bricks and Cement are man made
Glass is made from Sand, Soda and Limestone

9. Raw Materials Oil is a raw material, it can be separated into:
Diesel for cars
Petrol for cars
Kerosene for Lamps
Bitumen for laying roads
Plastic is made from Oil
These are all manufactured materials

10. Manufactured Materials
A raw material is found naturally
A manufactured material is the finished product that can be sold in shops
Cotton is a raw material
It is manufactured into thread and sewn to make garments e.g. socks, t-shirts etc.
Iron is a raw material
It has to be manufactured into Steel car bodies

11. Questions
We get Aluminium from Aluminium ore, is it a natural material?
Yes
Brass is an alloy of Copper and Zinc, is it natural?
No it is man made
Is petrol a natural or man made material?
Manufactured because it has to be removed from oil in a factory

12. Conductor or Insulator?
Metals conduct heat and electricity
Most non-metals are insulators
Copper electrical wire, with plastic insulator
Metal Saucepan conducts heat, the plastic handle insulates

13. Strong or Brittle? Brittle materials break easily
Glass and Porcelain break easily
Strong materials are difficult to break
This Iron bridge is strong

14. Transparency?
Transparent means that you can see through it e.g. glass and Perspex
You can not see through opaque objects e.g. curtains, blinds
Translucent objects let some light through e.g. frosted glass

15. Flexible or Rigid?
Flexible materials can bend easily, without breaking
Rigid materials do not bend easily, when bent to far they break
Flexi Rulers
A Rigid Wooden Ruler

16. Hard or Soft?
Hard materials are difficult to scratch e.g. diamond, enamel and glass
Soft materials are easy to scratch and cut
Diamonds are difficult to damage, they can cut through glass and metal

17. Other Properties
Malleable materials can be hammered into shape e.g. Lead
Ductile materials can be stretched into wires e.g. metals
Shiny materials reflect lots of light e.g. when you can see your reflection in polished cars
Dull materials do not reflect light

18. Questions What materials is used to make windows? Glass
What property make it good for this job?
It is transparent
Why do some saws have diamond teeth?
It is the hardest material on Earth
Why is polystyrene used for packaging brittle materials?
It is flexible and won’t damage the materials

19. States of Matter
The Particle Theory states that all substances are made of tiny atoms (particles)
Substances are either a:
Solid e.g. ice
Liquid e.g. water
Gas e.g. steam

20. Solids have fixed shape and volume (they can not be compressed)
The atoms are close together, they can not move about, but are always vibrating
They are arranged in a regular pattern
Solids have fixed shape and volume (they can not be compressed)

21. Liquids
The atoms are quite close together, but are able to move past each other
Liquids can flow
They take the shape of their container
They can not be compressed

22. Gases The atoms are far apart The atoms are moving very quickly
They fill a container
They are easy to compress

23. Questions Which state can be squeezed easily?
Gases e.g. an empty bottle
Which out of solids, liquids and gases can flow?
Liquids Gases
In which state can the atoms not move around freely?
Solids
In which state are the particles moving very quickly?
Gases

25. Questions What is the process when solids change to liquids? Melting
Liquids to solids?
Freezing
Gases to liquids?
Condensation
Liquids to gases?
Evaporation

26. Links