1. Ethical and Social...J.M.Kizza1 Module 9: Ethical and Social Issues in Cyberspace  Cyberspace Access  Intellectual Property Rights  Cyberspace Censorship  Privacy in Cyberspace  Cyberspace Security  Global Ethical Standards in Cyberspace  Global Lingua Franca  Global Culture in Cyberspace

2. Ethical and Social...J.M.Kizza2 Cyberspace Access  Types of cyberspace access (most common) –Direct connection –Dial up( SLIP, PPP) –DSL  Politics of cyberspace access –Digital divide Geography Education Race Age

3. Ethical and Social...J.M.Kizza3 Intellectual Property Rights  Internet paradox – Internet technology requires fast access, maximum compatibility in service and low costs: Mass access creates competition Much of what is moved on the Internet is intellectual property, therefore, protected by intellectual property laws and statutes- fosters monopoly.

4. Ethical and Social...J.M.Kizza4 Cyberspace Censorship  Reasons for Internet censorship: Terrorism Historical Social Political Cultural Economic  Internet censorship is expensive: Highly specialized and rich graphics that require latest equipment Need for highly trained people to do the job

5. Ethical and Social...J.M.Kizza5 Cyberspace Censorship… Internet convergence, one-fits-all, a combo of telecommunication, broadcasting and computer services Changing nature of material and content  Lack of internationally accepted judicial systems  Transient nature of membership of cyberspace -cyberzens  Lack of allegiance

6. Ethical and Social...J.M.Kizza6 Cyberspace Censorship…  Measures being undertaken: –Legislation –Self-regulation –Hotlines/advocacy –Education

7. Ethical and Social...J.M.Kizza7 Privacy in Cyberspace  Individual privacy under attack through electronic monitoring, surveillance, transmission, scanning and tapping  Also more efficient means of collecting, categorizing, and sorting data

8. Ethical and Social...J.M.Kizza8 Cyberspace Security  Security of information in two areas: –At the server Firewalls –During transmission Encryption Authentication

9. Ethical and Social...J.M.Kizza9 Global Ethical Standards  Chances of an emergence of a global ethical standard –Conflicting global ideologies: Politics Religion –Deferring global cultures –Small Internet etiquettes – beginning to get global

10. Ethical and Social...J.M.Kizza10 Global Lingua Franca  The emergence of a global lingua franca  Major languages: English French German Russian Chinese  Factors influencing growth of a global language: Commerce Military

11. Ethical and Social...J.M.Kizza11 Global Culture in Cyberspace  International migration and travels  Cyber communities observing certain cultures  Factors influencing the growth of global culture: Commerce Military Migrations  Factors working against growth of global culture: Ideologies (political, religious) Differing cultures mistrust