1. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Metallurgy & Material Processing
German-Sino Workshop on EPM, October, 16-19, 2005, Dresden, Germany
Effect of HSMF on Electrodeposited Ni-Fe Membrane-- Crystal Morphology and Magnetism Performance
Yunbo Zhong, Yanling Wen, Zhongming Ren, Kang Deng, Kuangdi Xu
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Metallurgy & Material Processing

2. Electrochemical Crystallization in HSMF Influence on mass transport
Charge
Transfer
Influence on mass transport
MHD effect  E0
Influence on Surface Diffusion、Necleation、Crystal Growth?
Me2+
H2O
Surface
Diffusion
Nucleation
Influence on electron transfer kinetics ?
Crystal
Growth
Metal
Membrane
Boundary
Layer
Bulk
Solution

3. Variation of Free Energy in the process of Electro-deposition of NiFe membrane
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) of Ni and Fe atoms are higher than that of other non magnetism atoms
The χ data is very lacking, and the magnetism of ions in solution are not very clear

4. Sketch Map of Experimental Equipment
Nitrogen
Thermocouple
Water-cooling Pipe
Supercon-ductive Coil
Heater
Electrolyte
Heat Insulator
Quartz Pipe
Electrode B + -
Fix Block
PID Temperature
Controller B I
B//I B
Magnetic
Field Center I
Nickel Plate
B⊥I
Copper Foil

5. Distribution of High Static Magnetic Field

6. Effect of magnetic field on electrodeposited Ni-Fe membrane When I⊥B
Magnetic Field Center

7. Surface SEM pictures of NiFe membrane
electrodeposited in various magnetic fields(J=4A/dm2)

8. Across-section SEM pictures of NiFe membrane
electrodeposited in various magnetic fields(J=4A/dm2)
( electrodeposit growth direction )

9. XRD patterns of the NiFe membranes
(111)
(111)
(200)
(200)
(220)
(220)
Strength ratio of three main peaks: I(111):I(200):I(220)=
( 0T)100:54.3:4.3; (04T)100:24.7:6.2; (06T)100:26.9:6.4; (08T)100:28.8:7.1; (10T)100:28.2:8.4; (12T)100:19.1:6.6
XRD patterns of the NiFe membranes
electrodeposited in different magnetic flux density

10. Crystal Orientation Discussion
M －Crystal orientation coefficient；
I(hkl) －Measured value of the (hkl) plane diffraction peaks；
I0(hkl) －Standard value of the (hkl) plane diffraction
peaks in PDF card；

11. Effect of MFD on Crystal Orientation Coefficient

12. (Fe wt%= 0T-12.71%; 6T-14.99%; 10T-23.32%; 12T-26.10%.)
EDS analysis of the samples electrodeposited in different magnetic fields
(Fe wt%= 0T-12.71%; 6T-14.99%; 10T-23.32%; 12T-26.10%.)

13. The relation between saturation magnetization
of the samples and preparation magnetic flux density

14. Effect of magnetic field on electrodeposited Ni-Fe membrane When B//I
Magnetic Field Center

15. SEM pictures of the surface of NiFe membrane
electrodeposited in parallel magnetic fields(J=4A/dm2)

16. 0T 4T 6T 8T
10T
12T B J
SEM pictures of the across-section of NiFe membrane electrodeposited in parallel magnetic fields (J=4A/dm2)

17. XRD patterns of the NiFe membranes
electrodeposited in different static magnetic fields
(Strength ratio of three main peaks： I(111):I(200):I(220)=
(0T)100:41.1:4.5; (6T)100:25.8:6.6; (10T)100:27.2:7.6; (12T)100:26.1:7.4)

18. Analysis of crystal orientation coefficient of the samples

19. EDS analysis of the samples
electrodeposited in different magnetic fields
(Fe wt%= 0T-14.13%; 6T-14.12%; 10T-15.17%; 12T-14.47%.)

20. The relation between saturation magnetization
of the samples and preparation magnetic field

21. 0T
10T

22. (J= a-1A/dm2; b-2A/dm2; c-3A/dm2; d-4A/dm2; e-6A/dm2)
SEM pictures of the surface of NiFe membrane electrodeposited without magnetic field
(J= a-1A/dm2; b-2A/dm2; c-3A/dm2; d-4A/dm2; e-6A/dm2)

23. FSEM pictures of the across-section of NiFe membrane d e
FSEM pictures of the across-section of NiFe membrane
electrodeposited without magnetic field
(J= a-1A/dm2; b-2A/dm2; c-4A/dm2; d-5A/dm2; e-6A/dm2)

24. Fig.17-a SEM pictures of the surface of NiFe membrane d e f
Fig.17-a SEM pictures of the surface of NiFe membrane
electrodeposited in 10T static magnetic field
(J= a-1A/dm2; b-2A/dm2; c-3A/dm2; d-4A/dm2; e-5A/dm2; f-6A/dm2)

25. SEM pictures of the across-section of NiFe membrane d
SEM pictures of the across-section of NiFe membrane
electrodeposited in 10T static magnetic field
(J= a-2A/dm2; b-3A/dm2; c-4A/dm2; d-6A/dm2)

26. In Homogeneous Magnetic Field
Sketch Map of Nucleation and Crystal Growth when B⊥I
In Homogeneous Magnetic Field
Trajectory of Ions
Sphere Crystal nucleus
Metal atom
Hydration Ions
Metal Crystal
Outer Helmholtz area FL I B FE
Trajectory of Ions
Boundary Layer
Bulk solution
(a) 0T
(b) B1(B1≠0T)
B2(B2≥10T)

27. Sketch Map of Nucleation and and Crystal Growth when B//I
In Homogeneous Magnetic Field
Direction of magnetic field (B)
Magnetic field
Anode
Direction of
electric field (I)
Bubble
Initial velocity (v0)
Cathode
Migration of atoms in Horizontal direction

28. Electro-depostion of NiFe Membrane in Gradient Magnetic Field
-400T2/m

29. Magnetic Field Gradient
Element
Wt %
At%
+400T2/m
FeK
38.37
39.56
NiK
61.63
60.44
0T2/m
22.84
23.73
77.16
76.27
29.39
30.44
70.61
69.56

30. Sketch Map of Nucleation and and Crystal Growth when B//I and in Gradient Magnetic FieldJ B I
B//I B

31. Conclusions
In HSMF, Strengthened MHD effect may influence the crystal morphology of electrodeposited NiFe membrane remarkably, so do the mass transfer process;
Both perpendicular and parallel magnetic field can make the crystal (111) plane texture reinforced;
The iron contents and the saturation magnetization were increased in perpendicular magnetic field but unchanged in parallel one .

32. Thank you
for your attentions!