1. Chapter 36
Sensory Reception

2. Sensory Receptors Mechanoreceptors Thermoreceptors
Pressure, position, and acceleration
Thermoreceptors
Heat
Pain Receptors (Nociceptors)
Pain and tissue damage
Chemoreceptors
Chemical and pH changes in fluids
Osmoreceptors
Water volume
Photoreceptors
Visible and UV light

3. Sensory Pathways
Receptor endings of a sensory neuron are stimulated by stepping on a tack

4. Sensory Adaptation The effects of increases in stimulus strength
Increase in frequency corresponds to increases in strength of stimulus

5. Receptors Near the Body Surface
Receptors in human skin

6. I. Sense of Taste Chemoreceptor 4 Sensations
Sweet, sour, salty, bitter

7. II. Sense of Smell
Olfactory
Gases
Pheromones

8. Try this one
Ok one more

9. III. Components of the Human Ear
External
Middle
Stirrup
Anvil
Hammer
Inner
Cochlea

10. A. Sense of Balance
Location of Internal Ear in Human

11. Sense of Balance Inner ear Vestibular apparatus Semicircular canals
Equilibrium
Fluid-filled sacs
Vestibular apparatus
Hair cells
Otoliths
Linear Motion
Semicircular canals
Rotational motion
Acceleration

12. Inside a Human Ear
Sense of Balance

13. B. Sense of Hearing Perception of Sounds Wavelength Amplitude
Frequency

14. Sensory Reception in the Human Ear
Cochlea
Acoustical receptors
Hair cells
Sound reception

15. C. Origin of Corti
Basilar membrane
Scala vestibuli
Scala tympani

16. Another one?
Last one

17. IV. Sense of Vision
A. Eyes
Photoreceptors
Pigments
Simple Eyes

18. B. Complex Eyes
Developed eye
Lens
Cornea
Compound
Photoreceptor

19. 1. Structure and Function of Vertebrate Eyes
Outer layer
Sclera & Cornea
Middle layer
Choroid
Ciliary body
Iris & Pupil
Inner layer
Retina
Lens
Vitreous body

20. 2. Pattern of Retinal Stimulation
Upside-down and reversed left to right

21. 3. Focusing Mechanisms Visual Accommodation
Ciliary Muscle
Far objects
Near objects

22. 4. Organization of the Retina

23. Organization of the Retina
Rods
Detect dim light
Rhodopsin
Absorbs blue-to-green
Cones
Detect bright light
Red, green, and blue
Each with different pigment

24. Organization of Retina
Visual information flows from photoreceptors to:
Bipolar sensory neurons
Ganglion cells
Horizontal cells
Amacrine cells

25. 5. On to the Visual Cortex Right side of retina Left side of retina
Intercepts light from left half of visual field
Left side of retina
Intercepts light from right half of visual field
Optic Nerve - Signals from right visual field to left hemisphere, from left visual field to right hemisphere

26. On to the Visual Cortex

27. Disorders of the Human Eye
Nearsighted vision
Focal point in in front of retina

28. Disorders of the Human Eye
Farsighted Vision
Focal point occurs behind the retina

29. Disorders of the Human Eye
Color blindness
Red-green color blindness
X-linked trait
Diseases
Infections
Herpes, Histoplasmosis Trachoma
Age-related
Cataracts
Glaucoma
Injuries
Retinal detachment
Technologies
Corneal transplants
Radial keratotomy
Laser coagulation