1. Hydrogels of Solid lipid Nanoparticles of Curcumin Presented by RUCHI CHAWLA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IIT(BHU), VARANASI 5 th International Conference and Exhibition on Pharmaceutics & Novel Drug Delivery Systems March 16-18, 2015 Crowne Plaza, Dubai, UAE

2. Contents  Introduction  Experimental work  Preparation of SLNs  Analytical Method for Curcumin  Formulation characterization  Summary and conclusion  References

3. Introduction Hydrogels: Advantages of Hydrogels (Kopecek, 2009): Shape stability and softness similar to that of the soft surrounding tissues Chemical and biochemical stability Absence of extractables High permeability for water-soluble nutrients and metabolites across the biomaterial tissue-interface Convenient handling Easy application Excellent tissue biocompatibility due to their high water content

4. Curcumin  Yellow spice derived from the roots, rhizome of Curcuma longa  Adaptogen, bio-protectant, anti-bacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory  Chemically it is a mixture of three principal compounds (Strimpakos and Sharma, 2008):  Curcumin (sometimes referred to as curcumin I),  Demethoxycurcumin (curcumin II), and  Bisdemethoxycurcumin (curcumin III)  Limitations:  Poor systemic bioavailability because of poor absorption and rapid systemic elimination via glucuronidation (Aggarwal and Sung, 2009).  Hydrophobic compound with a high partition coefficient of 3.2 and water solubility around 0.6 μg/ml (Kurien et al.,2007 and Patel et al., 2009).

5. Why Solid lipid Nanoparticles?  Small size  Possibility of controlled rug release  Increased drug stability  High drug pay load  Incorporation of lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs  Biocompatibility  Enhancement of bioavailability of the incorporated drugs (Mehnert and Mader, 2001)  Enhanced penetration of drug into the skin from lipid nanoparticles, occlusion effect and film formation of lipid nanoparticles on the skin  Larger surface area and contact point to adhere to the skin layer than that of microparticle.  SLN can provide benefits of accumulation of drug in the skin strata to various skin diseases such as acne and eczema (Korting et al, 2007).

6. Experimental Work

7. Preparation of SLNs of Curcumin by nanoprecipitation method (Chorny et al., 2002) Organic Phase (58.5 ml acetone and 1.5 ml dichloromethane) consisting of 600 mg of stearic acid and 9.0 mg Curcumin Aqueous Phase (120 mL) containing 0.5, 1.0 & 2.0% w/v PVA Evaporation of organic phaseSLNs suspended in aqueous mediumCollection of SLNs Injected slowly with stirring at 1000 rpm Ultracentrifugation at 10,000 x g for 5 min Solvent removal by evaporation room temperature for 24hours

8. UV spectrophotometric method for Curcumin

9. Characterization of SLNs

10. Compatibility studies FT-IR Spectrum of Curcumin + Stearic acid FT-IR Spectrum of Stearic acid FT-IR Spectrum of Curcumin

11. Particle size and polydispersity of C-SLNs BatchesParticle-SizePoly Dispersity index Batch-1 (0.5 % PVA)697.7 + 0.06 nm -0.9375 + 0.0004 Batch -2 (0.75 % PVA) 939.8 + 0.01 nm0.383+ 0.001 Batch 3 (1 % PVA)527.6 + 0.04 nm-1.597+ 0.001 Entrapment Efficiency of C-SLNs Batch (n=3)Total Drug content (mg)Free Drug Content (mg) Entrapment efficiency (%EE) (TDC –FDC)/TDC * 100) Batch 15.448+ 0.021.006+ 0.0781.53 + 0.02% Batch 25.880+ 0.091.150+ 0.0680.44 + 0.09% Batch 35.860+ 0.101.012+ 0.0782.73 + 0.01%

12. Hydrogel preparation S. No.BatchesCarbopol concentration (% w/v) Hydrogel type 1B1B1 0.5Blank gel 2B2B2 1.0Blank gel 3B3B3 2.0Blank gel 4Y1Y1 0.5In-situ hydrogels* 5Y2Y2 1.0In-situ hydrogels* 6Y3Y3 2.0In-situ hydrogels* 7D1D1 0.5Enriched hydrogels ^ (1:1 ratio of B 2 and C-SLNs # ) 8D2D2 0.66Enriched hydrogels (1:1 ratio of B 2 and C-SLNs # ) *In situ hydrogels were prepared by adding carbopol (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 %) to fixed volume of C-SLNs suspension containing 1% PVA ^Enriched hydrogels were prepared by adding carbopol hydrogel (1%w/v) to # C-SLNs prepared using 1% PVA

13. Texture profile analysis Typical force-time plot of Texture analysis

14. Texture analysis of blank hydrogels

15. Texture analysis of In-situ hydrogels

17. Texture analysis of Enriched hydrogels

18. Comparative Texture analysis

19.  Conducted using Franz diffusion cells and dialysis membrane  Dissolution media: phosphate buffer pH 6.0 solution containing 1% v/v Methanol maintained at 37 ± 1 ◦C on a magnetic hot plate with moderate stirring In-vitro release studies

20. In-vitro occlusion test

21. Summary & Conclusion  Curcumin loaded SLNs were prepared by nano-precipitation technique using stearic acid as lipid and PVA as surfactant.  Batch-3 (1% PVA) exhibited particle size of 527.6 nm, PDI of -1.597 and % Entrapment efficiency 82.73%  In vitro release from C-SLN enriched hydrogel showed controlled release of drug in comparison to C-SLNs upto 72 hr with approx.58 % release within 24 hours.  Occlusion test showed reduced water loss from carbopol and even lesser from enriched hydrogel.  Stability studies over a period of 90 days, showed increase in firmness, cohesiveness and index of viscosity and decrease in consistency.  In-situ hydrogels exhibited a concentration (carbopol) dependent increase in firmness, consistency, cohesiveness and viscosity, however, presence of C-SLNs significantly decreased (p < 0.05) these values in comparison to blank hydrogels.  Similar observations were made in enriched hydrogels  Also, a significant difference (p < 0.05) in hydrogel properties was observed between in-situ and enriched hydrogels indicating effect of SLNs on the swelling properties of Carbopol.  Occlusive properties of in-situ hydrogels were better than enriched and blank hydrogels.  In-situ hydrogels also exhibited uniform and extended release of curcumin, alongwith higher permeation characteristics.  Better formulation characteristics of in-situ hydrogels might be because of homogenous deposition and gelling of carbopol around curcumin nanoparticles.

22. References:  Strimpakos, A. S., Sharma, R. A. (2008). Comprehensive invited review curcumin: preventive and therapeutic properties in laboratory studies and clinical trials. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling 10, 511-546.  Kurien, B. T., Singh, A., Matsumoto, H., Scofield, R. H. (2007). Improving the solubility and pharmacological efficacy of curcumin by heat treatment. Assay and Drug Development Technologies 5, 567-576.  Patel, R., Singh, S. K., Singh, S., Sheth, N.R., Gendle, R. (2009). Development and characterization of curcumin loaded transfersome for transdermal delivery. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 1, 71-80.  Aggarwal, B. B., Sung, B. (2009). Pharmacological basis for the role of curcumin in chronic diseases: an age-old spice with modern targets. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 30, 85-94.  Mehnert, W. and Mader, K. (2001) Solid lipid nanoparticles: Production, characterization and applications. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 47, 165-196.  Yang, S., Zhu, J., Lu, Y., Liang, B., Yang C. (1999) Body distribution of camptothecin solid lipid nanoparticles after oral administration. Pharm. Res., 16, pp. 751–757.  Korting, M.S., Mehnert, W. and Korting, H.C. (2007) lipid nanoparticles for improved topical applicationof drugs for skin disease, Adv Drug Del Review, 59, 427-443.  Chorny, M., Fishbein, I., Danenberg, H.D., Golomb, G. (2002) Lipophilic drug loaded nanospheres prepared by nanoprecipitation: effect of formulation variables on size, drug recovery and release kinetics Journal of Controlled Release 83 389–400.

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24. Thank You