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9/20/6Lecture 2 - Prog Model1 MicroBaby A simple micro-controller encompassing all the basics Start this class by organizing into groups.
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9/20/6Lecture 2 - Prog Model2 Lecture Overview What is MicroBaby The architecture Addressing modes Instructions Internal registers and control signals
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What is MicroBaby? Micro-Baby is a simple computer architecture, in fact, very simple. All microcontrollers and microprocessors are computer architectures, in most cases fairly simple ones. In today’s world even microcontrollers are eons beyond basic. 9/20/6Lecture 2 - Prog Model3
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Basic assumptions It is assumed that the reader possesses a basic understanding of the binary number system and the implementation of logic equations in digital logic using AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR and NOT gates. It is also assumed that the reader also has a somewhat beyond basic understanding of computer architecture. 9/20/6Lecture 2 - Prog Model4
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Basic styles of architecture Micro-Baby is a accumulator based load-store architecture. It embodies the essence of the principles of a RISC architecture. All instruction execution results are left in the accumulator. The accumulator based load-store architecture is the base processor architecture that all other architectures build upon 9/20/6Lecture 2 - Prog Model5
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MicroBaby internal structure High level and high level internal structure 9/20/6Lecture 2 - Prog Model6
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The memory modules Interface to the memory modules 9/20/6Lecture 2 - Prog Model7
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The ALU Version 1 of the alu 9/20/6Lecture 2 - Prog Model8
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The datapath The datapath showing the internal data bus 9/20/6Lecture 2 - Prog Model9
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The controller Version 2 of the conroller 9/20/6Lecture 2 - Prog Model10
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The instructions The instruction set Offers the basics Would like to have logical shift instruction Maybe rotate 9/20/6Lecture 2 - Prog Model11
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Debugging the controller The controller encoding in the microcode needs debugging to insure correctness. Note the multiple control signals need to allow the architecture to function. Along with discussion of MU0. Groups should also become familiar with the MU0 architecture. 9/20/6Lecture 2 - Prog Model12
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Instruction Set Simulator An Instruction Set Simulator (ISS) simulates the operation of a computer architecture instruction by instruction, updating registers, memory, and I/O. A modern ISS has graphical display to show the contents (values) of registers and possibly even on busses. 9/20/6Lecture 2 - Prog Model13
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A Microbaby ISS A Microbaby ISS will have a display that shows the value of the accumulator, the B input to the ALU, the instruction register, the temp address register in the controller, and memory. Both the data memory and the instruction memory should be displayed. It should also be possible to show, on a cycle by cycle basis, the value on the address bus and the data bus. 9/20/6Lecture 2 - Prog Model14
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Input and Output The Microbaby architecture is a memory mapped I/O architecture and a few addresses of data memory will be the I/O ports. It will be up to each group as to how this I/O is implemented and what is supported. Possibly as part of the graphical display there will a LED display. With color display to show the LEDs on/off. 9/20/6Lecture 2 - Prog Model15
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The software structure Graphical Display – Top level and substructure. Update Graphical Display – update the display items of the graphical display Executive – runs the whole ball of wax – should allow for instruction by instruction, free run, free run with breakpoints. Instruction interpreter – disassembles the machine code into assembly language. Memory display I/O display Define the assembly language specification and implement an assembler. 9/20/6Lecture 2 - Prog Model16
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The setup Each group will work on their own version of the system. IT IS A COMPETITION!! The best product wins. The best get an A on the assignment. Others equal to it also get an A. This is interesting as you set the bar. 9/20/6Lecture 2 - Prog Model17
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By FRIDAY For Friday Jan 22, 2016 Have a plan for your approach to the software Know the language you are going to use. Have the assembler language for programmer use defined. This will be included in your first progress report, Jan 29 BY Jan 29 have the graphical interface running for the real time simulation display. Have a good start on the assembler. Have a good start on the simulation executive. 9/20/6Lecture 2 - Prog Model18
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Topics for presentation next week Next Wednesday Jan 21st Group 1 – Chapter 1 of text Processor architecture and organization Hardware Design Abstraction MU0 – a simple processor Group 2 – Chapter 1 of text Processor design tradeoffs RISC – organization – advantages – drawbacks Design for low power Discussion – compare and contrast MU0 to microbaby 9/20/6Lecture 2 - Prog Model22
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Future topics – for Monday Jan 26 The Acorn RISC – history of deployment, more details on company development and interaction with Apple, VLSI Technology. This led to Acorn RISC Machines, Ltd. which became ARM. Architectural inheritenance from the Berkeley RISC I and II. Details of the Berkeley RISC and its history 9/20/6Lecture 2 - Prog Model23
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Future topics The ARM programmer’s model – what the programmer sees. (2 presentations) - This includes what is in the datapath and the structure of memory and I/O seen. Tools for assembler language programming. It would be nice to have a “free” simulation tool for ARM about now. ARM Sim from the University of Victoria may be the one we use. Free textbook is available online Also, wikipedia is a great source for information. 9/20/6Lecture 2 - Prog Model24
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