1. Muscles: back, neck, abdomen, face, other

2. Intercostals Action: expand rib cage Origin: Rib Insertion: next rib

3. Diaphragm Action: Inhaling- help expand rib cage Origin: sternum, L-vertebrae, and costal cartilage Insertion: Central tendon (aponeurosis) that fuses with wall of heart/lungs superior

4. Diaphragm continued.. How do we breathe? What makes air flow into our lungs? https://www.youtube.com/wa tch?v=hp-gCvW8PRY

5. Splenius Action: extends and rotates head Origin: cervical vertebrae Insertion: superior nuchal line

6. Erector spinae Action: extends & rotates vertebral column Origin: lower vertebrae Insertion: upper vertebrae and ribs

7. Abdominal muscles: Transversus abdominus Action: compresses abdomen Origin: ribs Insertion: linea alba (fibrous midline- forms line between your abs)

8. Abdominal muscles: External oblique Action: compresses abdomen; rotates trunk Origin: ribs Insertion: ilium, pubis, linea alba

9. Abdominal muscles: Internal oblique Action: compresses abdomen, posture, helps flatten lumbar curve of spine Origin: ilium Insertion: linea alba

10. Abdominal muscles: Rectus abdominis Action: flexes trunk, compresses abdomen Origin: pubis Insertion: costal cartilage, sternum

11. Facial expression muscles: Orbicularis Oculi Action: blink and wink, closes eye

12. Facial expression muscles: Orbicularis Oris Action: puckers lips; whistle, kiss

13. Facial expression muscles: Buccinator Action: compresses cheeks to teeth; holds food in mouth while chewing

14. Facial expression muscles: Zygomaticus Action: smiling; pulls lips superiorly and posteriorly

15. Facial expression muscles: Masseter Action: elevates mandible; chewing Origin: zygomatic arch Insertion: mandible

16. Facial expression muscles: Temporalis Action: elevates mandible; chewing Origin: temporal bone Insertion: mandible

17. Facial expression muscles: Sternocleidomastoid Action: rotates and extends head Origin: clavicle, sternum Insertion: mastoid process

18. Other important structures: Patellar ligament Lies over the front of the knee cap, connecting patella to tibial tuberosity to support the knee

19. Other important structures: Achilles tendon Connects the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles to the calcaneus heel bone

20. Other important structures: Pelvic diaphragm wall Includes many muscles that make up the floor of pelvic bowl Connect to femur, Ilium, ischium, and pubis Actions: counter abdominal pressure, micturition, defecation, childbirth