1. ERGONOMICS By: NATALIE HORSFORD

2. INTRODUCTION What is Ergonomics? What are the health problems that may arise from improper computer usage What are at least ten things a user should do to prevent health problems with computer usage What measures that are available to prevent these problems

3. Computer usage in Nursing World Since there has been excellent technological advancements, the health care delivery system has seen the beginning of computerization which has contributed enormously towards the reduction of medical errors etc. Eg: Electronic Medical Record System (EMR), Electronic Prescriptions, Personal Digital Assistants Even with this vital tool, there are still dissatisfaction due to ERGONOMICS

4. 1.What is Ergonomics? ERGO + NOMICS = ERGONOMICS “work” + “rules or laws” = “the laws of work” Can be defined as a scientific discipline that deals with the study of work and its interaction between humans and the environment i.e. the person and their workstation 2. What is Ergonomics in the Workplace? It is the science of fitting jobs to the people who work in them. Ergonomics focuses on the work environment and items such as the design and function of workstations, controls, displays, safety devices, tools and lighting to fit the employee’s physical requirements, capabilities and limitations to ensure his/her health and well being. It may include restructuring or changing workplace conditions to reduce stressors that cause musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs).

5. Why is EGRONOMICS important? It is important if your work activities or job conditions includes: Repeating the same motion throughout your workday. Frequent lifting, carrying, and pushing or pulling. Working more than 8 hours a day Working at a quick paces. Adapting the job to fit the worker can help reduce ergonomic stress and eliminate many potential ergonomic disorders (e.g., carpel tunnel syndrome, trigger finger, tendonitis).

6. “Ergonomics covers all aspects of a job, from the physical stresses it places on joints, muscles, nerves, tendons, bones and the like, to environmental factors which can effect hearing, vision, and general comfort and health.” http://sydney.edu.au/arts/downloads/documents/workpl ace_ergonomics1.pdf http://sydney.edu.au/arts/downloads/documents/workpl ace_ergonomics1.pdf The Nurse can develop CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDER; which deals with an injury that has been received due to repetitive mechanical stress and the long term health problems that arises after the constant trauma.

7. Health Problems 1.Lower Back Disorders 2.Musculoskeletal Disorders Neck & shoulder discomfort 3.Visual Disturbances Dryness/Itching/Blurry/Redn ess 4. Headaches 5.Carpel Tunnel Syndrome Carpal tunnel syndrome is pain, tingling, and other problems in your hand because of pressure on the median nerve in your wristmedian nerve

9. Computers: The top of your computer should be at eye-level The keyboard should be positioned approximately 8cm from the edge of the desk. The keyboard should not be inclined to avoid excessive and prolonged extension of the wrist whilst typing Display screens that tilt up and down Brightness and contrast controls Proper lighting should be installed to prevent glare from the computer screen. Chairs: Chair needs to be at a comfortable height /forearms parallel to the desk /shoulders relaxed and elbows at 90 degrees. Backrest at 90 degree angle. Appropriate nursing stations for the use of computers Items used repetitively during the day (for example pens, stapler, punch or telephone) need to be close enough so that the user does not have to stretch for the item.

10. Establishing an ergonomics program Encouraging employees to participate in the ergonomics program Employees should state what is affecting their safety and health. Provide feedback to nursing supervisors or employers through available channels, such as an established employee safety and health committee. Encourage work practices when moving, lifting and repositioning patients in bed use proper body mechanics; since nurses may find themselves working in awkward postures when assisting patients in activities of daily living. Appropriate nursing work station and equipment. Lower rails on beds when feeding patients to eliminate extended reaching. Work with enough space to avoid awkward postures.

11. Have scheduled systematic preventative maintenance: – Check brakes for their ability to lock and hold for when wheels on beds are jammed which make them harder to move. – Oil and adjust mechanisms to work easily, Handles on beds, carts, or other equipment, which are either the wrong size or placed at an inappropriate height – Clean or replace casters or wheels so they roll easily and smoothly; Faulty brakes, which cause equipment to shift especially beds and endanger staff and relatives.

12. References Wolfenden, F. (n.d.). Workplace ergonomics. Retrieved from http://sydney.edu.au/arts/downloads/document s/workplace_ergonomics1.pdf http://sydney.edu.au/arts/downloads/document s/workplace_ergonomics1.pdf U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administratio. (n.d.). Ergonomics: the study of work. Retrieved from http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3125.pd f http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3125.pd f