2. Discussion From the time that we are old enough to do things for ourselves we crave independence. We want the freedom to try new things and do them in our own way. In what ways do you desire to be independent? Would you like to break free form any particular traditions or habits? Discuss with your table; will share out.

3. Welcome to The Revolutionary Era 1750 -1850 http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/revwarti meline.htm

4. “The Revolutionary War contributed more to enlighten the world, and diffuse a spirit of freedom and liberty among mankind, than any other human event…that ever preceded it.” ~ Thomas Paine The selections we will read focus on the attempts of people to break free from old traditions and do things their own way.

5. Background– pg 120-128 §Setting the Scene §History of the Time §Life of the Time §Literature of the Time §Novels of the Time §Language of the Time

6. The Age of Reason §Writers of this period believed that they could manage themselves and their societies without depending upon authorities or past traditions. §Reason thrived on freedom of/from/to: -- freedom of speech, freedom from arbitrary rulers, freedom to experiment, freedom to question existing laws and institutions.

7. Contrast with Puritans §Concerned with life here on earth. §Adherents of deism -- a philosophical movement that stressed the perfectibility of man through reason. By the free use of reason, human beings could progress. §Tended to write on science, ethics, or government, rather than religion.

8. Revolutionary War Literature §Thousands of pamphlets, essays, songs, poems, and speeches. §Puritan writing was private and religious. Revolutionary literature was public and political. §Helped to establish the identity of our country. §Published in newspapers and tacked up around city, placed under doors, and read aloud.

9. Changes in America §New country and new government. §Arts flourished partly because people were inspired to express their feelings and ideas. §American cities grew and population doubled. §First native American artists, dancers, poets, writers flourished.

10. Authors of the American Revolution we will study 1750 -1850

11. Benjamin Franklin 1706-1790 10 of 17 children Printer, inventor, statesman, writer Inventor of the lightning rod, bifocal eyeglasses, Franklin stove. His experiments with lightning and electricity give him a permanent place in the history of science. Helped to edit the Declaration of Independence

12. Patrick Henry 1736 - 1799 §Orator and patriot of American Revolution §Speech on liberty inspired Americans to support the Revolution §Leader in the movement to add the Bill of Rights §First governor of Virginia

13. Thomas Paine 1737 - 1809 §Wrote Common Sense in 1776. Sold 100,000 copies in three months. §After a stay in Europe, became unpopular in America and died poverty and neglect.

14. Thomas Jefferson 1743 - 1826 §Renaissance Man of American history -- lawmaker, writer, scientist, architect, musician, inventor. §Third president of the United States. §Doubled size of country with Louisiana Purchase.

15. Abigail Adams 1744- 1818 §Wife of second president, John Adams, and mother of five. §One of the great letter writers. §Early advocate of women’s rights.

16. James Fenimore Cooper 1789-1851 §first major American novelist §was more successful and respected abroad than at home §The Last of the Mohicans is one of the best known American novels §No complete biography of him was ever written (his death wish)

17. Remember Persuasion?  Persuasion - a form of speaking or writing that aims to convince an audience to think or act a certain way. Effective writers appeal to reader's emotions and intellect.

18. Techniques Used in Persuasive Writing  Rhetorical Question - a question that does not call for an answer because the answer is obvious.  Metaphor - compares two unlike things.  Loaded Language - emotionally charged words.  Deductive Reasoning - is a logical process in which a conclusion is based on the concordance of multiple premises that are generally assumed to be true.

19. Persuasive Techniques Continued  Inductive Reasoning- is a logical process in which multiple premises, all believed true or found true most of the time, are combined to obtain a specific conclusion.  Allusion - indirect reference to a person, place, event, or work with which the author believes the reader will be familiar. Allusions provide the reader or listener with a deeper understanding of the main ideas.

20. Persuasive Techniques Continued  Memorable Line - catchy words or phrase designed to stick with the reader or listener.  Repetition - repeats words or phrases for emphasis.  Parallelism - expresses ideas of equal importance in phrases or sentences that are worded in a similar way.

21. Persuasive Techniques Continued  Anecdote - a brief story that illustrates a point.  Analogy - extended comparison of two things that have certain similarities. The comparison makes the less familiar object more clear.  Paraphrase - restate someone else's ideas in simple words.  Aphorism- A short, memorable statement that expresses some truth or observation about life

22. Discussion In Poor Richard’s Almanack (what we are about to read), Benjamin Franklin provides numerous witty sayings or words to live by. What are some familiar sayings or words to live by that you know or have heard? Which of these are the most significant to you? Discuss & will share.

23. Objectives §To read and analyze the effect of word choices and humor in Franklin’ aphorisms

24. Why it’s called Poor Richard… §Franklin borrowed the name "Richard Saunders" from the seventeenth-century author of the Apollo Anglicanus, a popular London almanac which continued to be published throughout the eighteenth century. Franklin created the Poor Richard persona based in part on Jonathan Swift's pseudonymous character, "Isaac Bickerstaff." In a series of three letters in 1708 and 1709, known as the Bickerstaff papers, "Bickerstaff" predicted the imminent death of astrologer and almanac maker John Partridge. Franklin's Poor Richard, like Bickerstaff, claimed to be a philomath and astrologer and, like Bickerstaff, predicted the deaths of actual astrologers who wrote traditional almanacs. In the early editions of Poor Richard's Almanack, predicting and falsely reporting the deaths of these astrologers—much to their dismay—was something of a running joke. However, Franklin's endearing character of "Poor" Richard Saunders, along with his wife Bridget, was ultimately used to frame (if comically) what was intended as a serious resource that people would buy year after year. To that end, the satirical edge of Swift's character is largely absent in Poor Richard. Richard was presented as distinct from Franklin himself, occasionally referring to the latter as his printer. [8]Jonathan SwiftIsaac BickerstaffJohn Partridgephilomathastrologer [8] §In later editions, the original Richard Saunders character gradually disappeared, replaced by a Poor Richard, who largely stood in for Franklin and his own practical scientific and business perspectives. By 1758, the original character was even more distant from the practical advice and proverbs of the almanac, which Franklin presented as coming from "Father Abraham," who in turn got his sayings from Poor Richard. [9] [9]

25. f rom Poor Richard’s Almanack §There are more than 600 proverbs from 1734-1747 by Ben Franklin §This is why it is “from” §Pgs 1134-135 §Background: Colonial Almanacs p 130 §Read §Questions: pg 136- # 4 & 8. Discuss/will share

26. The Last of the Mohicans James Fenimore Cooper

27. To conclude §How does The Last of the Mohicans portray the attempts of people breaking free from old traditions and doing things their own way? §Discuss

28. Discuss then write points Need ONE piece of paper per group (may need notes from this unit): Discuss about a crisis that someone you know has faced. What were the details of the crisis? How did the person handle the crisis? Was this tactic effective? Then, chose the “best” one and write points from that.

29. Objectives §To read and analyze a persuasive essay about the colonists’ need to break free from Great Britain §To evaluate the impact of Thomas Paine’s emotional appeals

30. from The Crisis No. 1 §(Page 154-157) §Building Background: listen §Grp work=1 paper. While you read/stop to discuss, find persuasive techniques (use your notes). Try to find @least: hyperbole (exaggeration), analogy, allusion, and loaded language. How did THIS SECTION lift spirits? §After reading, and looking at your responses to the point above, what lessons does this essay teach you about persuasive writing? §Finally, choose a memorable line and write ½ a page that explains why this phrase was memorable to you and how it ties into your world today. §Word doc with this essay on website

31. To conclude §How does The Crisis No. 1 portray the attempts of people breaking free from old traditions and doing things their own way? §Discuss

32. finally Personal writing: Look over the crisis that you wrote about in your journal. Write persuasive letter (on the back of your work) that would motivate that person to solve the crisis by following your advice. Be sure to use @ least three persuasive techniques that you found in Paine’s essay, and be sure to label them within. If time doesn’t allow, just do bullet points!

33. Extra Credit: Bert’s Thank You: due 10/30!! Submit to portal and I will print/or handwrite! Each letter should be heartfelt, handwritten, original, and free of any political statements. The purpose of the letter is to express thanks to the military personnel currently deployed outside the United States. We reserve the right to eliminate those messages that are political in nature and do not reflect a positive message in the spirit of Thanksgiving. §All letters must be on 8.5” x 11” paper or smaller. §Do not use glue, tape, staples, cardboard, glitter or otherwise attach anything to the paper. §NO construction paper. §Decorate using crayons, markers, pens or pencils. §Use both sides if you like, but use one page per letter only. §Do not send greeting cards or photographs. §Feel free to include your mailing and email address. §Individual letters should not be sealed in envelopes. §Do not send anything except letters. §(We cannot accept donations of any kind, and they should not be included or attached to letters.)

34. discussion Just how much freedom should an individual or a county have? What, if anything, should limit freedom? Discuss and jot down what people say; you will need it for later…

35. Objectives §To read and analyze a historic document on independence §To identify words with strong connotations

36. Declaration of Independence §Meet Jefferson and hear some Background §Get a highlighter and a pen/pencil! §You will be listening to a web seminar on the DOI. You have a copy of this document and will need to make notes on it! This seminar breaks down the document for easy understanding. §http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=cS-tshQ9syshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=cS-tshQ9sys §After the seminar, you will read the DOI and answer questions. You can do them on the back page of your DOI.

37. Questions 1. In listing the grievances, Jefferson uses repetition beginning each item with the phrase He has. How does this technique help make the document clear? 2. Identify and explain what you consider to be Jefferson’s strongest argument for freedom. 3. Think about the discussion we started with…do you think the basic ideas expressed in the DOI reflect your beliefs and feelings? Beliefs and feelings of Americans today? 4. Identify Jefferson’s tone and its effect. 5. Evaluate the structure of the DOI. How does Jefferson set up this document?

38. To conclude §How does The Declaration of Independence portray the attempts of people breaking free from old traditions and doing things their own way? §Discuss

39. Write & Discussion Write about a time when you had difficulty adjusting to a new situation, or when a place or situation did not live up to your expectations. How did you feel? How did you adjust to the situation? Discuss. Will share.

40. Objectives §To read a letter on the theme of adjusting to a new situation §To analyze the use of description in the letter

41. Images & Background

43. Letter to Her Daughter §Building Background §While reading: Highlight details from the selection to visualize what the president’s house was like when the Adams family moved in. §After reading: Compare the conveniences of today’s residences with those of Adams’s time. Write a short response on your letter. §Questions: 3,4,7,8 on page 186 §PDF document of this letter on my website

44. Homework Looking back at your journal, write a letter to someone who is moving to the area where you live (don’t know anyone? Make them up). Try to present a picture of your region that will create realistic expectations. Describe the pros and cons of living in your area. Include pictures, either your own or from the internet, about your area, one page typed (dbl space, TNR 12 pt font) or written!