1. The Importance of Contexts in MII for Online Help Shilpi Rao, Jurika Shakya, Mayo Jordanov, Liam Doherty, Vive Kumar Simon Fraser University, Canada Samir Menon Indian Institute of Technology, India This research is funded by Learning Kit(SSHRC-INE) and LORNET(NSERC)

2. MII Help System User Context Explanation/ Help Mixed Initiative Interactions

3. Example 1 User: How do I initialize a variable ? ………help system looks at his context…….. ….......hmmmmmmm…so he is a new user…has never done any programming before...I have to give him information from scratch System: Do you know how to declare a variable? User: No System: Before initializing a variable, you have to declare it. I will teach you to declare it. I need to know what kind of a variable do you want to initialize. So, can you give me an example of what value will that variable contain? User: 1005 System: This is an integer variable. Thus you have to first declare it using the keyword “int”. Do you know how to name a variable? User: No System: The variable name should start with an alphabet or an underscore followed by alphabets, numbers, ………………

4. Example 2 User: How do I initialize a variable ? ………help system looks at his context…….. ……..hmmmmmmm…so he is new user for Java Programming language, but he has done C and C++ programming…He must be knowing initialization in C and C++…I don’t have to teach him about naming a variable or declaring a variable…let’s check System: You initialize a variable in Java the same way you do it in C or C++. Do you want more clarification? User: No System: Alright then, continue with your coding, let me know if you need any more help.

5. Outline Help System and Human Helpers Help System and Human Helpers Context Context MII in Online help MII in Online help

6. Help System and Human Helper

7. Help Systems (existing) Self-sufficient and no human helpers Self-sufficient and no human helpers Content rich and context poor Content rich and context poor Example – Example –command-line error prompting online tutoring online documentation

8. Human Help Personalized – target the user Personalized – target the user Customized – target the help tools Customized – target the help tools Delivered when needed Delivered when needed Human help typically centers around an indirectly established context Human help typically centers around an indirectly established context

9. Help System with human Human-In-The-Loop Human-In-The-Loop Human complements the help system Human complements the help system

10. Context

11. Context Localized Localized Contains – Contains – Knowledge about the user Knowledge about the user Inference rules Inference rules Concepts Concepts Preference of student (pedagogy,…), helper (time,…), help system Preference of student (pedagogy,…), helper (time,…), help system Instantiated plans pertaining to current help request Instantiated plans pertaining to current help request How do we fill in data in our context? How do we fill in data in our context?

12. Mixed Initiative Interaction

13. Mixed Initiative Interactions Flexible interaction strategy Flexible interaction strategy Each agent contributes what it does best Each agent contributes what it does best Roles reversed, initiative reversed, or work independently Roles reversed, initiative reversed, or work independently Naturalness in communication Naturalness in communication Interactions based on SRL models Interactions based on SRL models

14. MII in Helper’s Assistant (Online Help)

15. Help Context in HA Helper’s Assistant Helper’s Assistant Help context consists of Help context consists of Question/request Question/request Expected type of response (short answer, explanation, discussion, debugging……) Expected type of response (short answer, explanation, discussion, debugging……) Corresponding material Corresponding material Knowledge/Skill levels Knowledge/Skill levels Tasks of student Tasks of student Helper communication (offline, online, just-in-time) Helper communication (offline, online, just-in-time) Form of help response (manual or automated) Form of help response (manual or automated)

16. Helper’s Assistant Helper’s Assistant Help System Helper User

17. Case 1: Helper’s Assistant System confident System confident User Help System Human Helper 1. Context 2. Help

18. Case 2: Helper’s Assistant System asks human for verification System asks human for verification User Help System User Help System Human Helper 1. Context 2. Verification and Context 3. Help

19. Case 3: Helper’s Assistant System has no confidence or very little System has no confidence or very little User Help System User Help System Human Helper 1. Context 2. Context 3. Help

20. MII in Helper’s Assistant MII for the Help System MII for the Help System Question/request (ask for clarification) Question/request (ask for clarification) Expected type of response (better help) Expected type of response (better help) Choose the mode for helping (system, helper only, helper verify) (better help) Choose the mode for helping (system, helper only, helper verify) (better help) Helper’s communication (online, offline, just-in-time) (better help) Helper’s communication (online, offline, just-in-time) (better help) Corresponding material (clarification) Corresponding material (clarification) Knowledge\Skill level (clarification/update) Knowledge\Skill level (clarification/update)

21. MII in Helper’s Assistant MII for user (change his goal) MII for user (change his goal) Question/request (Change whenever user wants) Question/request (Change whenever user wants) Expected type of response (short answer, explanation, discussion, debugging……) Expected type of response (short answer, explanation, discussion, debugging……) Corresponding material Corresponding material Knowledge/Skill levels Knowledge/Skill levels Helper communication (offline, online, just-in-time) Helper communication (offline, online, just-in-time) Form of help response (system, helper only, helper verifies) Form of help response (system, helper only, helper verifies)

22. MII in Helper’s Assistant MII for helper (better help or clarification) MII for helper (better help or clarification) Question/request (ask for more clarifications) Question/request (ask for more clarifications) Expected type of response (short answer, explanation, discussion, debugging……) (answer in a better way using another method of explanation) Expected type of response (short answer, explanation, discussion, debugging……) (answer in a better way using another method of explanation) Corresponding material (need more material) Corresponding material (need more material) Knowledge/Skill levels (ask for more clarifications) Knowledge/Skill levels (ask for more clarifications) Helper communication (offline, online, just-in-time) (better help using another form of communication) Helper communication (offline, online, just-in-time) (better help using another form of communication) Form of help response ( system, helper only, helper verifies) (better help) Form of help response ( system, helper only, helper verifies) (better help)

23. Problems in MII Helper’s Assistant Fill in the context information Fill in the context information Use the system and online medium for learning OR update the context everytime you learn something new Use the system and online medium for learning OR update the context everytime you learn something new

24. Conclusion Ontologize help context Ontologize help context Mixed Initiative helper’s assistant Mixed Initiative helper’s assistant Evaluate Evaluate

25. ????????????????????????????????????????QUES TION S Thank you S Thank you