1. Chapter 1 “Biology and You” Section 1 Themes of Biology

2. Bio = _______ - ology = ________ I. What is Biology?

3. Bio = _______ - ology = ________ Life Study of I. What is Biology? “Spontaneous Generation” and the story of Francesco Redi “Life comes from Life” Freancesco redi

4. 1. Cellular Organizition 2. Reproduction 3. Metabolism 4. Homeostasis 5. Heredity 6. Responsiveness 7. Growth and Development Properties of Life

5. 1. Cellular Organization All living things are made of cells (i.e. cell theory) All living things are made of cells (i.e. cell theory) Organisms can be: Organisms can be: 1. Single-celled 2. Multi-celled

6. Biological hierarchy (rank / order) * Put in order from smallest to largest: * Put in order from smallest to largest: Biological Hierarchy Organ, Cell, Molecule, Tissue, Organism, Atom, and Organelle Organism, Atom, and Organelle

7. Biological Hierarchy AtomMoleculeOrganelleCellTissueOrganOrganism

8. 2. Reproduction A All living things can reproduce either: A All living things can reproduce either: Sexually Sexually Asexually bility of organisms to make more of their own kind (offspring) Asexually bility of organisms to make more of their own kind (offspring)

9. 3. Metabolism All the chemical reactions in an organism a. Ingestion b. Digestion c. Respiration d. Excretion e. Synthesis 1. Breaking down molecules to release their energy or raw materials 2. Getting Energy 3. Getting rid of waste 4. Building proteins and other organic molecules for use by the organism 5. Inhaling Oxygen and exhaling CO 2 Matching

10. 3. Metabolism All the chemical reactions in an organism a. Ingestion b. Digestion c. Respiration d. Excretion e. Synthesis 1. Breaking down molecules to release their energy or raw materials 2. Getting Energy 3. Getting rid of waste 4. Building proteins and other organic molecules for use by the organism 5. Inhaling Oxygen and exhaling CO 2 Matching

11. Outhouse

12. Plants obtaining energy from the sun (_______________) Plants obtaining energy from the sun (_______________) Animals obtaining energy from consuming plants and/or other animals (ingestion) Animals obtaining energy from consuming plants and/or other animals (ingestion) NOT AN EXCLUSIVE OR COMPLETE LIST!

13. Another Example: Chemotrophs: (The orange stuff0 Organisms that use chemical sources (rather than sunlight) to obtain energy. The ones in the photo live at 50-60 o C. Chemotrophs: (The orange stuff0 Organisms that use chemical sources (rather than sunlight) to obtain energy. The ones in the photo live at 50-60 o C.

14. 4. Homeostasis Examples: Body temperature Body temperature Blood sugar Blood sugar ● Maintaining a stable internal environment ● Respond to external environment and adjust

15. 5. Heredity Passing traits from parents to offspring Passing traits from parents to offspring Passed through genes Passed through genes Mutations are changes in a gene’s DNA Mutations are changes in a gene’s DNA

16. Bird Brains - Clues to the origins of human language are turning up in the brains of birds. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/ 0304/01.html Video Clip

17. 6. Responsiveness a. Stimulus: A change in the environment b. Response: What an organism does to adjust and adapt to that change. “Fight or Flight” Reflex Pearls in Oysters

18. 7. Growth and Development Definite Size and Shape Definite Size and Shape Definite Lifespan Definite Lifespan Galapagos Land Tortoise Lifespan: 193 years The world's oldest known living tree - its root system has been growing for 9,550 years. (Sweden)

19. Labord's Chameleon (Madagascar) has a post-hatching life span of 4 to 5 months. One species of American Mayfly has an adult lifespan less than five minutes Ameoba Cameleon - Mayfly - Ameoba

20. “One of these things is not like the other”

21. Cellular Structure and Function Cellular Structure and Function Reproduction Reproduction Metabolism Metabolism Homeostasis Homeostasis Heredity Heredity Evolution Evolution Interdependence Interdependence 7 Themes of Biology

22. Evolution A change in inherited traits over time A change in inherited traits over time Mechanisms (how it works): Mechanisms (how it works): Mutations are original source of new traits (genes) Mutations are original source of new traits (genes) Organisms with “beneficial” genes are more likely to survive and reproduce (Natural Selection) Organisms with “beneficial” genes are more likely to survive and reproduce (Natural Selection)

23. Interdependence Ecology: studies interdependence of organisms and their interactions with their non-living environment Ecology: studies interdependence of organisms and their interactions with their non-living environment How organisms interact and depend upon one another in a community How organisms interact and depend upon one another in a community

24. Ecology studies life “beyond” the organism: populations ~ many individuals of one species populations ~ many individuals of one species communities ~ all organisms in an area communities ~ all organisms in an area ecosystems ~ all organisms in an area and their environment ecosystems ~ all organisms in an area and their environment