1. Aquaculture of the ocean
Mariculture
Aquaculture of the ocean

2. Mariculture
The farming of marine organisms

3. Why mariculture? increase the total world food production
instead of hunting marine life, cultivate it

4. Organisms 140 metric tons farmed a year Over 20% seaweed
Less than 2% marine fish
Majority are mollusks: clams, oysters, abalone, scallop, mussels

5. Types open mariculture – natural environments
closed mariculture – artificial (controlled) environments

6. Modern techniques and materials
earthen ponds with controlled water inlets and outlets (fish and crustaceans)
cages in lakes or the ocean
raceways – long, narrow earthen or concrete ponds that receive a continuous flow of water from a nearby well, spring, or stream (fish)

7. bottom culture – juveniles are spread out over prepared areas (mollusks)
off-bottom culture – juveniles are attached to ropes and suspended from floats (mollusks)

8. Kona Blue Fish Farm

9. Controvery lack of space for habitat produce lots of waste products
Excess nutrients cause harmful algae blooms
The food used to feed larger fish exploit another population

10. Ancient Hawaiian Techniques
walled fish ponds using lava rocks and coral called "loko i'a" along the coast
Used "makaha", wooden gates which allowed juvenile fish to enter the ponds to feed, but prevented them from leaving once they grew larger.
Story of the Fish Ponds