1. Igneous, Sedimentary & Metamorphic Rocks
Sedimentary-sandstone
Metamorphic- gneiss
Igneous- diorite

2. 1. What is a Rock? Naturally Occurring (not man made) Solid
Mixture of minerals and other organic matter

3. 2. What makes a rock different from a mineral?
Both
Mineral
Made of one or more minerals
Solid
Made of one type of element
Random crystal or no crystal structure
Naturally Occurring
Orderly crystal structure
←Granite=
Quartz+ Feldspar+ Muscovite

4. Igneous
Rocks

5. 3. Magma & Lava form different types of igneous rock
Igneous rock is classified by where rock forms
Intrusive vs. Extrusive
forms when magma forms when lava
cools in the earth cools on earth’s surface

6. Intrusive Vs. Extrusive
Diorite Granite Basalt Andesite
Ask the students to take a few minutes to compare intrusive to extrusive. You could have them brainstorm on whiteboards as a group or a piece of paper and then share their observations.
Pegmatite Gabbro Rhyolite Scoria 6

7. 4. Igneous Rocks: Crystal size & Cooling Time
Location of Rock
Intrusive (in earth)
Extrusive (earth surface)
Crystal Size
Large crystals
Small crystals
Picture
Cooling time
Longer cooling time
Shorter cooling time 7

8. Sedimentary Rock

9. 5. Some rocks form from rock particles
Sediment= materials that settles out of water or air
Materials can be:
tiny pieces of rock
broken minerals
pieces of plants and animal remains

10. 6. How do sedimentary rocks form?
Sediments pile on top of each other on land or in water
As sediments pile, they become compacted and cement together

11. Sedimentation Process

12. Sedimentary rock layers

13. Rock layers

14. 7. Some rocks form from plants or shells
Coal- created from plant remains (dead wood, bark, leaves, stems, and roots)
The coal we use today started forming millions of years ago in swamps.
Limestone- created from
the shells and skeletons of
ocean organisms
Can you see the plant remains?

15. Limestone formation

16. Metamorphic Rocks

17. 8. Metamorphic Rocks Heat and pressure change rocks
The original rock is called the parent rock
The new rock formed is called the metamorphic rock
Heat and pressure change the structure of the parent rock and their minerals recrystallize

18. 9. Examples of Metamorphic Rocks
Parent Rock= Shale
Metamorphic Rock = Slate
Increase Temp. & Pressure

19. Examples of Metamorphic Rocks
Parent Rock = Limestone
Metamorphic Rock = Marble
Increase Temp. & Pressure

20. Examples of Metamorphic Rocks
Parent Rock = Mica
Metamorphic Rock = Phyllite
Increase Temp. & Pressure

21. 10. When a rock forms does it stay that way forever?
NO!!!!!!
Rocks are always changing by processes like:
Weathering -Melting
Erosion -Cooling
Compaction -Cementation

22. 11. Rock Cycle Rocks can change from one category or rock into another
The rocks can move through the cycle in many ways, there is no particular order they must follow 22

23. Rock Cycle animation
Click the link in the title to go to an animation of the rock cycle.