1. STATUS OF DEMERSAL FISH ON THE EAST COAST OF PENINSULAR MALAYSIA By Gan Sim Yee Supervisor : Mr. Ibrahim Johari

2. Preface Introduction Introduction Methods and Materials Methods and Materials Results and Discussion Results and Discussion i) Production analysis i) Production analysis ii) Maximum steady yield and optimum fishing effort ii) Maximum steady yield and optimum fishing effort iii)Fishing gears iii)Fishing gears iv)Major fish iv)Major fish Conclusion Conclusion

3. Introduction

4. Eastern Peninsular Malaysia – one of the most important fishing ground Eastern Peninsular Malaysia – one of the most important fishing ground Fishery informations like annual catch, maximum steady yield (MSY), catch per unit effort (CPUE) and optimum fishing effort are important. Fishery informations like annual catch, maximum steady yield (MSY), catch per unit effort (CPUE) and optimum fishing effort are important. Avoid over exploitation, manage limited resources Avoid over exploitation, manage limited resources 15 years study : 1990-2004 15 years study : 1990-2004 Major gear : trawl Major gear : trawl

5. Materials and Methods

6. Data source Data source Annual Fisheries Statistic from 1990-2004, by Department of Fisheries Malaysia Annual Fisheries Statistic from 1990-2004, by Department of Fisheries Malaysia Methods Methods Schaefer model: Schaefer model: i) stock size and catchable yield ii) maximum steady yield and optimum fishing effort

7. Results and Discussion

8. Production analysis Yield of marine capture fisheries rise from 169,415 tonnes in 1990 to 178,210 tonnes in 2004 (fig 1) Yield of marine capture fisheries rise from 169,415 tonnes in 1990 to 178,210 tonnes in 2004 (fig 1) Total of demersal fish : 2,468,528 tonnes Total of demersal fish : 2,468,528 tonnes Annual average value : 164,568 tonnes Annual average value : 164,568 tonnes Highest landing in 1999 – increase of effort number Highest landing in 1999 – increase of effort number

9. Figure 1 : Annual landing trend of demersal fish on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia

10. CPUE increase drastically in 1991 and 1992 – probably due to over exploitation (fig 2) CPUE increase drastically in 1991 and 1992 – probably due to over exploitation (fig 2) Slightly increase in 1997 did not contribute to higher landing Slightly increase in 1997 did not contribute to higher landing Heavy exploitation decrease the abundance Heavy exploitation decrease the abundance Reduce the reproductive potential of the stock Reduce the reproductive potential of the stock

11. Figure 2 : Annual CPUE trend of demersal fish on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia

12. Maximum steady yield and optimum fishing effort Schaefer model : Schaefer model :  Y e = 443.0183 f e – 0.29177 f e ^ 2  Y max = -0.25(a^2/b)  F opt = -0.5(a/b) Y e = catch Y e = catch f e = fishing effort f e = fishing effort Y max = MSY Y max = MSY F opt = optimum fishing effort F opt = optimum fishing effort

13. MSY of demersal fish : 168,169.42 MSY of demersal fish : 168,169.42 F opt : 759.20 F opt : 759.20 Actual yield from 1990-2004 : Actual yield from 1990-2004 : 144,667 – 180,764 (Table 1) 144,667 – 180,764 (Table 1) Actual fishing effort from 1990-2004 : Actual fishing effort from 1990-2004 : 562 – 933 (Table 1) 562 – 933 (Table 1) The analysis predicted the resource perhaps being over exploitation (fig 3) The analysis predicted the resource perhaps being over exploitation (fig 3) Improve the landings trend, especially year 1999 (fig 1) Improve the landings trend, especially year 1999 (fig 1)

14. Table 1 : The yield and standard effort from 1990-2004 TahunTotal demersalStandard effortCPUE standard 1990169415866196 1991156981933168 1992154262562275 1993169348600282 1994164112606271 1995157038721218 1996144667676214 1997145739732199 1998173479827210 1999180764762237 2000163595638256 2001167969655256 2002169870659258 2003173079748231 2004178210677263

15. Figure 3: The possible production curve of demersal fish on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia

16. Fishing gears 87.77% landing contribute by trawl nets (fig 4, 5) 87.77% landing contribute by trawl nets (fig 4, 5) Other gears : traps, hooks and lines, drift/gill net, push/scoop net and purse seine Other gears : traps, hooks and lines, drift/gill net, push/scoop net and purse seine Number of trawl nets is connected to the overall landings of demersal Number of trawl nets is connected to the overall landings of demersal Trawl fisheries closely connected to the status of the demersal resources Trawl fisheries closely connected to the status of the demersal resources

17. Figure 4 : Percentage of demersal landing with different fishing gear types

18. Figure 5 : Annual landing of demersal fish on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia

19. Trawlers of 40-69.9 GRT (Zone C) and >70 GRT (Zone C2) contribute the major landing Trawlers of 40-69.9 GRT (Zone C) and >70 GRT (Zone C2) contribute the major landing Landings trend of trawler Zone C is generally increase (fig 6) Landings trend of trawler Zone C is generally increase (fig 6) Decrease trend in trawler Zone C2 Decrease trend in trawler Zone C2 Fishing effort of trawler Zone C increase from year to year Fishing effort of trawler Zone C increase from year to year

20. Figure 6 : Total catch of trawlers in the size categories

21. Fluctuated annual CPUE trend for trawlers Zone B (25-39.9 GRT), C and C2 (fig 7) Fluctuated annual CPUE trend for trawlers Zone B (25-39.9 GRT), C and C2 (fig 7) Trawler Zone C2 increase rapidly in 1991 Trawler Zone C2 increase rapidly in 1991 CPUE of trawler C2 generally higher than others CPUE of trawler C2 generally higher than others Athough fishing efforts decrease by year, trawler C2 still maintain the yield Athough fishing efforts decrease by year, trawler C2 still maintain the yield

22. Figure 7 : Catch rates of trawlers in the size categories

23. Major fish 3 major fish : trash fish, mixed fish and threadfin bream 3 major fish : trash fish, mixed fish and threadfin bream 39% from the total catch (fig 10) 39% from the total catch (fig 10) Others 48 fish contribute 61% Others 48 fish contribute 61% Landing trend of trash fish decrease from 1993, recover after 1997 (fig 11) Landing trend of trash fish decrease from 1993, recover after 1997 (fig 11) Figure 9 : Trash fish-Haya Figure 8 : Threadfin bream

24. Figure 10 : Percentage of demersal fish

25. Figure 11 : Landings trend of trash fish, mixed fish and threadfin beam

26. Conclusion

27. In last 5 years, the exploitation level of demersal fish on east coast of Peninsular Malaysia is still in the healthy condition In last 5 years, the exploitation level of demersal fish on east coast of Peninsular Malaysia is still in the healthy condition Since years 2000-2004 are on the left side of the production curve Since years 2000-2004 are on the left side of the production curve Such situation should be maintain Such situation should be maintain