2. Post Dark Age 750 B C Trade Increased Population Growth Improved Agriculture City-States Emerged

3. City-States Polis-A town/city/village along with its surrounding countryside Town/city/village was the center of the polis-people met for political, social and religious activities Acropolis-Fortified area on a hill for refuge during an attack Agora-Open area where people could assemble and for a market area

4. Community of the City-State Polis=community Common identity and goals Citizens with political rights-adult men had rights- women and children had no rights-noncitizens (laborers, slaves, residential aliens) had no rights Loyalty to city-state-resulted in city-states fighting

5. Greek Colonies Colonies were a result of the search for farmland and the growth of trade Colonies set up along the coastlines of southern Italy, southern France, eastern Spain and Northern Africa, north of Greece, along the Black Sea, along the Hellespont Strait and Bosporus Strait Most famous city-Byzantium (later called Constantinople) Control of straits gave the Greeks great economic advantage-trade-industry

6. Tyranny in the City-States Tyrants-Rulers who seized power by force from the aristocrats Poor and newly rich supported tyrants Tyranny came to an end when tyrants became too controlling The end of tyranny allowed for more people to participate in politics-this led to the development of democracy-others remained an oligarchy (rule by few)

7. Sparta Developed different systems of government Spartans (Greeks) took over surrounding lands-they needed more land-Helots (slaves captured in conquered lands) Spartans led very strict lives Men trained for military-lived in barracks until 30- could vote at 30-fierce warriors- Women raised family on their own-more freedoms because men were gone most of the time

8. Athens By 700 BC Athens became a unified polis Ruled by a king-later by an oligarchy Later faced political turmoil because of economic problems-sold into slavery if they couldn’t pay debts Athens gave full power to Solon to solve problems- cancelled all debts-Eventually tyranny Cleisthenes eventually took power from tyrants- created a council of 500 men-controlled foreign affairs, treasury and laws-created foundations for Athenian democracy