1. Exploring the Dream World 1. Dreams as unconscious wishes. 2. Dreams as reflections of current concerns. 3. Dreams as a by-product of mental housekeeping. 4. Dreams as interpreted brain activity.

2. Dreams as Unconscious Wishes  Freud concluded that dreams provide insight into our unconscious desires (wish fullfillment). (Psychodynamic Theory)  Manifest content includes aspects of the dream we consciously experience and latent content includes unconscious wishes and thoughts symbolized in the dream.  To understand a dream we must distinguish manifest content from latent content.  Not everything in a dream is symbolic  “Sometimes a cigar is just a cigar”

3. Dreams as Reflections of Current Concerns (Problem-Focused)  Dreams may reflect ongoing conscious issues such as concerns over relationships, work, sex or health.  Dreams are more likely to contain material related to a person’s current concerns than chance would predict.  Example: college students and testing  Males and females appear to dream about similar issues now that lives and concerns of two sexes have become more similar.

4. Dreams as By-product of Mental Housekeeping  Unnecessary neural connections in the brain are eliminated and important ones are strengthened.  The brain divides new information into “wanted” and “unwanted.”  What we recall as dreams are only brief snippets from scanning and sorting that occurs during REM sleep.

5. Dreams as Interpreted Brain Activity  Activation-synthesis theory.  Dreaming results from the cortical synthesis and interpretation of neural signals triggered by activity in the lower part of the brain.  At same time, brain regions that handle logical thought and sensation from the external world shut down.

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