1. 1 R. Müller, HZB, Automation Dec 3-4 2015, Lund Automation at light sources: BESSY II, MLS examples General Automation Tasks Baseline operational states (Design) Commissioning Injection, energy, orbit Tune, dynamic aperture  -beat, decoupling chromaticity, momentum compaction Canting, shifted waist (double undulator) Optics details (LOCO) BBA, response matrix (calibration SOFB, FOFB) Subsystem states: Injector, SY, TL, SR Save, restore, compare setpoints ON/OFF, Cycle, Degauss magnets Sequences: Prepare injection, ramp energy, optics Example MLS Feedforward schemes (Compensate the known) ID focussing (Standard optics, low alpha) ID kick (Standard optics, low alpha) SC WLS cryo head vibrations, (local dipole) SY power feeds, magnetic field leak (local dipoles)

2. 2 R. Müller, HZB, Automation Dec 3-4 2015, Lund Automation at light sources: examples from BESSY II, MLS General Automation Tasks (cont´d) Feedback (Compensate the unknown) Tune drift (purity, PPRE amplitude) SOFB (golden orbit) FOFB (golden orbit) RF FB (path length, energy) 3x BBFB (timing, filters) Fundamental, 3rd harm. cavity (LLRF) (Vertical Emittance FB, no demand) (Synchroneous phase, considered) Shape photon flux (Fulfill experimental requests) Fillpattern (Pump probe, slicing, PPRE, chopper) Example BESSY Knock out, scraping (total, staircase bunchcurrents) Hor. Beam separation (femto, PPRE) Islands, separate orbits (under development) Example MLS Support photon usage (Perform experiments) Fly scan (wavelenght) Example BESSY Mapping project (sample raster scan, tomography)

3. 3 R. Müller, HZB, Automation Dec 3-4 2015, Lund Automation at light sources: BESSY II, MLS examples Example BESSY: Insight on details @ BESSY II: Fly scan simultaneous undulator, monochromator scan, polarisation control Fill pattern control timing modes Example MLS: Insight on details @ MLS: Operation master Injection Energy Optics Islands, multiple orbits

4. 4 R. Müller, HZB, Automation Dec 3-4 2015, Lund Example BESSY, the 3 rd generation light source @ HZB BESSY II / D, 1998 DIAMOND / GB, 2007 ALS / USA, 1993 ALBA / Spain, 2010 SLS / Switzerland, 2001 APS / USA, 1996 ESRF / France, 1993 SPring-8 / Japan, 1997 ELETTRA / Italy, 1994 PETRA III / D, 2010 Energy: 1.7 GeV – 8 GeV Beam Current: 100 mA – 500 mA Natural Emittance: 1 nm rad – 7 nm rad (coupling down to << 0.1% = 5 pm rad vertical) Pulse Length: ~ 30 ps (~ ps in low-  and 100 fs slicing @ strongly reduced current) SOLEIL / France, 2006 NSLS II / US, 2015

5. 5 R. Müller, HZB, Automation Dec 3-4 2015, Lund specialities polarization control APPLE II, polarimetry low-  operation ps beams, CSR, THz femto slicing 100 fs, polarised x-rays Energy/current1.7 GeV / 300 mA Emittance4/6 nm rad Pulse length15 ps (rms) Circumference240 m Straight sections16 thereof Undulators / MPW+WLS11 / 1+2 Successor of BESSY I, construction 1992 – 1998, user operation since 1999 ca. 5000 h / a user operation standard mode = 4 in 1 Example BESSY – 3 rd generation light source TopUp 9 days ~50 beamlines

6. 6 R. Müller, HZB, Automation Dec 3-4 2015, Lund EMILs´Building: An Extension to BESSY II SISSY-Lab CAT-Lab Chem-Lab Clean Room Control Room Gas Storage EXTENSION: ENERGY MATERIALS IN-SITU LAB BERLIN (EMIL)

7. 7 R. Müller, HZB, Automation Dec 3-4 2015, Lund EMIL: Dedicated Straight / Beamlines / Detectors Shifted WaistHard + Soft X-Ray Sources In situ sample handling

8. 8 R. Müller, HZB, Automation Dec 3-4 2015, Lund On-the-fly mode, BESSY Beamlines … (including EMIL) Present Status @ BESSY: Operational11 ID + BL. 5 (Dipole) BL. In construction3 requested ID shift control (polarisation)2 (like @ Soleil, BACH @ Elettra) NOT requested yet Experimental DAQ binning (like ALBA, NSLS II, ALS) SUMS, simultaneous undulator monochromator scan

9. Bunch Fill Patterns at BESSY II Comprehensive Fill Pattern Control Engine: Key to Top-Up Operation Quality – T. Birke – ICALEPCS'15 – Melbourne 9 Pump/probe Chopper o BESSY II provides specific support for time resolved experiments o Pioneered low-α mode with coherent THz radiation and ps-pulses (2002) o Most advanced fs-slicing endstation with 100fs pulses (2004) o High current single bunch in ion-clearing gap o Pump/probe experiments (2004) o Pseudo Singlebunch at full or reduced intensity o Mechanical chopper (2013) o Pulse Picking by Resonant Excitation (PPRE, 2015) Possible because any particular bunch may be filled up to a desired intensity!

10. Fill Pattern Control: User Interface Comprehensive Fill Pattern Control Engine: Key to Top-Up Operation Quality – T. Birke – ICALEPCS'15 – Melbourne 10 Top-Up Service and Fill Pattern Control Panel Overall Status Bunch Fill Pattern Display Multibunch Fill SetupInformational Area Fill Pattern Setup

11. Fill Pattern Control: Configuration Comprehensive Fill Pattern Control Engine: Key to Top-Up Operation Quality – T. Birke – ICALEPCS'15 – Melbourne 11 User Input: InjOffInjOn Off InjFreeDecay o Total target current o Shape of bunch train from linac o 4 groups of bunches: o Multibunch fill o gap length and position o Camshaft bunch o current o Slicing bunches o number, position, interval and current o PPRE bunch o position and current EPICS DB Fill Pattern Analysis

12. Top-Up – Constraints: Radiation Safety Comprehensive Fill Pattern Control Engine: Key to Top-Up Operation Quality – T. Birke – ICALEPCS'15 – Melbourne 12 Defined Constraints for Top-Up Operation: o Injection efficiency >60% for every shot (booster ➟ ring) o 4h-average of injection efficiency >90% o Max. injection frequency 0.1Hz o Min. current in booster for reliable efficiency-measurement o Min. and max. current limit in ring with corresponding minimum lifetime („normal“ losses 5h (curr. 180-260mA at > 4.4h)

13. Fill Pattern Control: Program Structure Comprehensive Fill Pattern Control Engine: Key to Top-Up Operation Quality – T. Birke – ICALEPCS'15 – Melbourne 13 Consists of three parts Finite State Machine controls injections o 5 core states + ~10 transitional states Fill Pattern Analysis o Asynchronous on every fill pattern o Determines next shot configuration EPICS realtime database o Configuration interface o Reflects internal status of state machine and analysis o PVs visible everywhere on the network: alarmhandler, archiver, information systems for users, web based status displays… o Fill pattern control engine is a pure software device InjOffInjOn Off InjFreeDecay EPICS DB Fill Pattern Analysis

14. Fill Pattern Control: Input Signals Comprehensive Fill Pattern Control Engine: Key to Top-Up Operation Quality – T. Birke – ICALEPCS'15 – Melbourne 14 o State and processed data of top-up interlock systems o Fill pattern measurement system o PXI based fast ADC and stripline o Down to 100nA per bunch current resolution o Averaged data provided at 1Hz by LabVIEW application o Total beamcurrent and lifetime measurement o State of extraction- and injection- elements as well as the overall injector status from linac to booster synchrotron InjOffInjOn Off InjFreeDecay EPICS DB Fill Pattern Analysis

15. Fill Pattern Control: Controlled Elements Comprehensive Fill Pattern Control Engine: Key to Top-Up Operation Quality – T. Birke – ICALEPCS'15 – Melbourne 15 o Linac setup (number + distance of pulses, timing) o 1-5 pulses at typical distance of 12ns o Suspend/resume injector o Pulsed elements for extraction & injection o Global timing for shot-positioning o Global trigger enable/disable o Reliable Countdown o Sensitive experiments need reliable predicion of duration of decay phases between injections o Based on actual stored current, average lifetime and configured target current o No injections before countdown expires InjOffInjOn Off InjFreeDecay EPICS DB Fill Pattern Analysis

16. 16 R. Müller, HZB, Automation Dec 3-4 2015, Lund Metrology Light Source (MLS) BESSY II EXAMPLE MLS: METROLOGY LIGHT SOURCE 16 Operation Modes of the MLS - Markus Ries et al. - ESLS XXIII - Paul Scherrer Institut - Böttstein - 25.11.2015

17. 17 R. Müller, HZB, Automation Dec 3-4 2015, Lund 17 operation since 2008 purpose: metrology two operators sharing duty for BESSY II and MLS manned operation Mo – Fr / 7-23 unmanned operation (user & machine) during nights and weekends highly automated operation (machine & users) 10 h of machine commissioning time per week (+ Sunday + commissiong weeks) Operation Modes of the MLS - Markus Ries et al. - ESLS XXIII - Paul Scherrer Institut - Böttstein - 25.11.2015 EXAMPLE MLS: METROLOGY LIGHT SOURCE

18. 18 R. Müller, HZB, Automation Dec 3-4 2015, Lund SEQUENCES: MLS OPERATION MASTER

19. 19 R. Müller, HZB, Automation Dec 3-4 2015, Lund MLS OPERATION SCHEME Operation Modes of the MLS - Markus Ries et al. - ESLS XXIII - Paul Scherrer Institut - Böttstein - 25.11.2015

20. 20 R. Müller, HZB, Automation Dec 3-4 2015, Lund LOW EMITTANCE MODE preserve usage of the existing energy ramp  allow fast optic changes cross multiple 3rd order resonances with full current sextupole settings adjusted on ramp and in user state Operation Modes of the MLS - Markus Ries et al. - ESLS XXIII - Paul Scherrer Institut - Böttstein - 25.11.2015

21. 21 R. Müller, HZB, Automation Dec 3-4 2015, Lund ISLAND BUCKETS MOTIVATION: BEAM SEPARATION Operation Modes of the MLS - Markus Ries et al. - ESLS XXIII - Paul Scherrer Institut - Böttstein - 25.11.2015

22. 22 R. Müller, HZB, Automation Dec 3-4 2015, Lund ISLAND BUCKETS MOTIVATION: BEAM SEPARATION