1. NIH: A Time of Unprecedented Opportunity Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Labor/HHS/Education Elias A. Zerhouni, M.D. Director

2. Personalized Predictive Participatory Preemptive The Future Paradigm: The 4 P’s Transform Medicine from Curative to Preemptive

3. Normal Gene Function Healthy State A E D C B A B C D E

4. A E D B A B C D E Disrupted Gene Function Disease State A E D C B C C

5. C A E D B A B D E C C D A E C C

6. 20052006 2007 first quarter 2007 second quarter2007 third quarter 2007 fourth quarter 2008 first quarter Toward a New Era in Medicine: Genome-wide Association Discoveries Second quarter 2008 Type 2 Diabetes 10 years ago: 0 genes 5 years ago: 2 genes Today: 16 genes Autism Last week: 6 new genes discovered

7. Credit: Arthur Toga/UCLA/Photo Researchers Inc. Goal: To systematically explore the entire spectrum of genomic changes involved in human cancer Current study: Lung, glioblastoma, and ovarian cancers Finding: Three new genes discovered mutated in glioblastoma Glioblastoma Opportunities in Cancer Research: New Genomic Clues

8. Initial Genome-Wide Association Study Clues Analyzing More Populations and More Genes Leads Understanding the Biology Targets Translation DiagnosticsTherapeutics What Are the Next Steps? How Do Scientists Unravel the Mystery? Prevention Strategies

9. NIH Transforming medicine and health through discovery