1. Paraphrasing “Just tell me what you mean, man.”

2. Paraphrase Still cite In your own words Condenses Creates flow Use it when you want to summarize INFORMATION.

3. Paraphrase Summary: focuses on a single main idea. Paraphrase is more detailed Paraphrase is your own way of saying someone else’s ideas, but presented in YOUR form.

4. Why Paraphrase? It helps you control the temptation to quote too much. the mental process required for successful paraphrasing helps you to grasp the full meaning of the original.

5. Paraphrasing Exercise Summarize the following passage Paraphrase the following passage

6. Paraphrasing Exercise Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes. Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47. Period 2: Students overuse quotations when writing papers (Lester 46-47)

7. Paraphrasing Exercise Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes. Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47.

8. Summary Students should take just a few notes in direct quotation from sources to help minimize the amount of quoted material in a research paper (Lester 46-47).

9. Paraphrase In research papers students often quote excessively, failing to keep quoted material down to a desirable level. Since the problem usually originates during note taking, it is essential to minimize the material recorded verbatim (Lester 46-47).

10. Paraphrase Quiz! 1.Take out a piece of paper. 1.Work in pairs. 1.Paraphrase the following passages. 2.You will have 7 minutes each.

11. Passage #1 “That evening she had lit a bonfire in the yard and burned all of the letters from Kagoshima. She burned the family photographs and the three silk kimonos she had brought over with her nineteen years ago from Japan. She burned the records of Japanese opera. She ripped up the flag of the red rising sun. She smashed the tea set and the Imari dishes and the framed portrait of the boy’s uncle, who had once been a general in the Emperor’s army. She smashed the abacus and tossed it into the flames.” Displacement causes an erasure of identity. In fact, the mother had erased the family identity by__________________________________________ (Otsuka 75).

12. Passage #2 “The tractors came over the roads and into the fields, great crawlers moving like insects, having the incredible strength of insects. They crawled over the ground, laying the track and rolling on it and picking it up. Diesel tractors, puttering while they stood idle…snub nosed monsters, raising the dust and sticking their snouts into it, straight down the country, across the country, through fences, through dooryards….” Displacement dehumanizes the displaced, and machines (Steinbeck 47).

13. PASSAGE #3 Ma was heavy, but not fat; thick with child-bearing and work. She wore a loose Mother Hubbard of gray cloth in which there had once been colored flowers, but the color was washed out now, so that the small flowered pattern was only a little lighter gray than the background. The dress came down to her ankles, and her strong, broad, bare feet moved quickly and deftly over the floor. Her thin, steel-gray hair was gathered in a sparse wispy knot at the back of her head. Strong, freckled arms were bare to the elbow, and her hands were chubby and delicate, like those of a plump little girl…Her hazel eyes seemed to have experienced all possible tragedy and to have mounted pain and suffering like steps into a high calm and a superhuman understanding. She seemed to know, to accept, to welcome her position, the citadel of the family, the strong place that could not be taken. Displacement rearranged the male and female roles of the family. Ma was portrayed as (Steinbeck 99).