2. 1 Wartime Propaganda WWI WWI - The Posters that Influenced the Home Front

3. 2 What does propaganda mean? Random House Dictionary Definition: “information or ideas methodically spread to promote or injure a cause, group or nation” Propagandais But what does that mean? Propaganda is a form of advertising to get an idea across to a group of people. Sometimes the idea is true, sometimes the idea is a lie.

4. 3 Total War Countries devoted all their resources to the war effort The entire force of government was dedicated to winning the conflict The conflict affected everyone, it touched not only soldiers but civilians as well It affected not just the military but also political, economic and social institutions

5. 4 In each country, the wartime government took control of the economy. Governments told factories what to produce and how much. Numerous factories were converted to munitions factories. Nearly every able-body civilian was put to work the war effort. So many goods were in short supply that governments turned to rationing

6. 5 Governments also used propaganda to keep up morale and support for the war effort One of the main instruments of propaganda was the war poster Governments also suppressed anti-war activity – sometimes forcibly 1917 Espionage Act – illegal to interfere with the draft 1918 Sedition Act – illegal to interfere with sale of Liberty Bonds

7. 6 Questions to answer (choose 35) Viewing Propaganda Posters Questions to answer (choose 35) 1. Who is the Target Audience? 2. What is the Function? In other words, what message is the poster trying to convey? What do they want citizens to do AFTER they have seen this poster? 3. What is the Technique (emotional ploy) used? How is the poster trying to appeal to a certain emotion, for example fear, guilt, etc.?

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21. 2014.

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46. 45 Propaganda Project: Part 1 – Identifying Propaganda Search through magazines and locate at least 3 samples of propaganda. Cut out the samples paste samples to paper number samples Analyze each sample On a separate sheet of paper, write how each of the following criteria is evident in the sample.

47. 46 Propaganda Criteria Target Audience Target Audience: who is it aimed at, where will it be located? Function Function: what is its purpose? Technique Technique: what emotional ploy is effective? Graphic Element Graphic Element: what image is most effective? Slogan or Banner Slogan or Banner: what is the most effective wording?

48. 47 Propaganda Project: Part 2 – Propaganda Poster Contest Create a poster that could be used to promote or injure a cause, group or nation. Poster should be as creative as possible to convince others and earn you a solid grade! Best poster (class judges) = prize!!

49. 48 Poster Requirements and Info Scored on effort, creativity and originality and accuracy (is it propaganda? Does it promote or injure a cause, group, or nation?) Minimum size: page size If you work with a partner (1 maximum) you must have a poster sized poster We will work on these NOW DUE TUESDAY

50. Nazi Propaganda

51. Two Purposes To create a positive image of Hitler and the Nazi Party To create a negative view of those considered to be enemies, particularly Jews

52. Hitler’s Propaganda Methods Present simple themes in a repetitive manner Appeal to emotion rather than intellect Have broad appeal to the masses Focus mainly on one enemy - Claim that this enemy is at the root of all problems

53. Propaganda: Pervasive in Nazi Germany Images – Posters, Book and Newspaper Illustrations Spoken Word – Nazi Speeches and Radio broadcasts; Songs and slogans Printed Word – “Der Sturmer” ; Academic publications; School curricula Dramatic - cinema (i.e. Triumph of the Will; The Eternal Jew; Jud Suss); Party Rallies

54. Goals of Pro-Nazi Propaganda To portray Hitler and The Nazi Party as the saviors of Germany To connect the Nazis to a positive, idealistic vision of Germany’s future To portray the Nazis as confident, decisive, and overwhelmingly powerful

55. Hitler as the Heroic Leader

56. Hitler Brings Unity

57. “The Reich will never be destroyed if you are united and loyal.”

58. Appeals to Traditional Values Motherhood “German Women Think of Your Children Vote Hitler”

59. Youthful Idealism

60. “Youth serves the Fuhrer”

61. “Workers of the mind and hand – Vote for the front soldier Hitler!”

62. Power and Pageantry

65. Goals of Anti-Jewish Propaganda To connect Jews to every problem facing Germany and every other group seen as opponents To reinforce traditional negative stereotypes about Jews To create a climate of contempt toward Jews To dehumanize the image of Jews (to facilitate discrimination, segregation, exile, and murder)

66. Jews as Aliens “Only a racial comrade can be a citizen. Only a person of German blood, irrespective of religious denomination, can be a racial comrade. No Jew, therefore, can be a racial comrade.” Point 4 - Nazi Party Program, 1920

67. The Jew as Eugenic Threat “With satanic joy in his face, the black-haired Jewish youth lurks in wait for the unsuspecting girl whom he defiles with his blood, thus stealing her from her people. With every means he tries to destroy the racial foundations of the people he has set out to subjugate.” Adolf Hitler - Mein Kampf

68. The bottom slogan reads: “Women and girls, the Jews are your undoing!”

69. The Jew as Communist From the cover of the book The Eternal Jew

70. “The God of the Jews is Money. And to gain money, he will commit the greatest crimes. He will not rest until he can sit on the largest sack of money, until he becomes the King of Money.” The Jew as Capitalist Exploiter

71. The Jew as Warmonger “If international finance Jewry inside and outside Europe should succeed in plunging the nations once more into a world war, then the result will not be the bolshevization of the earth, and thus the victory of Jewry, but the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe!” Adolf Hitler - January 30, 1939

72. Nazi propagan da poster blaming Jews for the war

73. Note the similarity between the portrayal of Churchill (who was not Jewish) and the antisemitic stereotype. All Enemies are Jews!

75. Jews depicted as controlling the Allies

76. Jews plotting to rule the world The Protocols of the Elders of Zion (Front cover of a French edition)

77. The “Blood Libel”

78. The Jew as demonic From an advertisi ng poster for a movie

80. The Poison Mushroo m A Children's Book

81. “Jews Get Out!”: A Children’s Game

82. Dehumanizing Words “We had the moral right, and the duty toward our nation to kill this people who wished to kill us. … We do not, because we were exterminating a bacillus, wish to be infected by that bacillus in the end and die.” Heinrich Himmler - October 4, 1943

83. Dehumanizing Words “Was there any form of filth or profligacy, particularly in cultural life, without at least one Jew in it? If you cut even cautiously into such an abscess, you found, like a maggot in a rotting body, often dazzled by the sudden light - a little Jew” Adolf Hitler - Mein Kampf

84. Dehumani zing Images: Jews portrayed as vermin

87. Results of Propaganda “True Believers” are empowered by propaganda to engage in behavior that would otherwise be forbidden. Propaganda shifts the “frame of reference” regarding the subject. Formerly extreme ideas enter legitimate discussion. The “piling on” effect mutes opposition.

88. Lessons for Today Learn to recognize and interpret propaganda and to distinguish it from legitimate attempts to inform. Recognize distortions embedded in public communication (i.e. - stereotypes, misuse of statistics, over-generalization, guilt by association, etc..) Recognize that images and words are important because they create the social climate – which will tend either toward respect or contempt.