1. AHSGE Quick Facts

2. Wars: French and Indian War AKA: Seven Years War AKA: Seven Years War Who: British and Colonists vs. French and Natives Who: British and Colonists vs. French and Natives When: 1754-1763 When: 1754-1763 Ended: Treaty of Paris 1763 Ended: Treaty of Paris 1763 Result: British won but heavy debt caused by the war forced the British to tax the colonist heavily. Result: British won but heavy debt caused by the war forced the British to tax the colonist heavily.

3. Wars: Revolutionary War Who: British vs. American Colonies Who: British vs. American Colonies When: 1775-1781 When: 1775-1781 Major Generals: George Washington (Americas) Major Generals: George Washington (Americas) Ended: Treaty of Paris 1783 Ended: Treaty of Paris 1783 Result: Won by colonist, gave America its independence. Result: Won by colonist, gave America its independence. Key Battles: Lexington and Concord(1 st battle); Bunker Hill (won by British but Brits suffered huge losses); Saratoga (turning point); Yorktown (final battle) Key Battles: Lexington and Concord(1 st battle); Bunker Hill (won by British but Brits suffered huge losses); Saratoga (turning point); Yorktown (final battle)

4. War of 1812 Who: U.S. vs. British Who: U.S. vs. British When: 1812-1814 When: 1812-1814 U. S. President during war: James Madison U. S. President during war: James Madison Major General: Andrew Jackson (U.S.) Major General: Andrew Jackson (U.S.) Ended by: Treaty of Ghent Ended by: Treaty of Ghent Result: No one won the war, even though it was a moral victory for the United States and started strong feelings of nationalism. Result: No one won the war, even though it was a moral victory for the United States and started strong feelings of nationalism. Horseshoe Bend (ended creek war, Jackson defeated Tecumseh) ; Fort McHenry (Star Spangled Banner, Francis Scott Key); New Orleans (occurred after the war) Horseshoe Bend (ended creek war, Jackson defeated Tecumseh) ; Fort McHenry (Star Spangled Banner, Francis Scott Key); New Orleans (occurred after the war)

5. Mexican War Who: U.S. vs. Mexico Who: U.S. vs. Mexico When: 1846-1848 When: 1846-1848 James K. Polk was U.S. President during war James K. Polk was U.S. President during war Major Generals: Zachary Taylor (U.S.); Santa Anna (Mexico) Major Generals: Zachary Taylor (U.S.); Santa Anna (Mexico) Ended: Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo Ended: Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo Result: U.S. gained California and new Mexico, which completed the country’s goal of Manifest Destiny. Result: U.S. gained California and new Mexico, which completed the country’s goal of Manifest Destiny.

6. Civil War Who: U.S. of America (North or Union) vs. Confederate States of America (South or confederacy) Who: U.S. of America (North or Union) vs. Confederate States of America (South or confederacy) When: 1861-1865 When: 1861-1865 U.S. President during war: Abe Lincoln U.S. President during war: Abe Lincoln Confederate President during war: Jefferson Davis Confederate President during war: Jefferson Davis Major Generals: US- Grant and Sherman; CSA- Lee and “Stonewall” Jackson Major Generals: US- Grant and Sherman; CSA- Lee and “Stonewall” Jackson Ended: Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox court house Ended: Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox court house Results: Slavery ended and union preserved Results: Slavery ended and union preserved Key Battles: Sumter (started the war); First Bull Run (Mannassas won by CSA); Shiloh (20,000 killed w/no winner); Antietam )bloodiest battle of the war); Vicksburg (south lost control of the Mississippi); Gettysburg (turning point); Mobile Bay; Sherman’s March (included the burning of Atlanta) Key Battles: Sumter (started the war); First Bull Run (Mannassas won by CSA); Shiloh (20,000 killed w/no winner); Antietam )bloodiest battle of the war); Vicksburg (south lost control of the Mississippi); Gettysburg (turning point); Mobile Bay; Sherman’s March (included the burning of Atlanta)

7. Spanish American War Who: US vs. Spain in the Caribbean and the Phillipines Who: US vs. Spain in the Caribbean and the Phillipines When: 1898 When: 1898 US President during war: William McKinley US President during war: William McKinley Major soldiers: Theodore Roosevelt and his rough riders Major soldiers: Theodore Roosevelt and his rough riders Ended: Treaty w/ Spain in 1898 Ended: Treaty w/ Spain in 1898 Results: US gained Phillipines, Puerto Rico and Guam and became a world power. Results: US gained Phillipines, Puerto Rico and Guam and became a world power.

8. World War I AKA: The Great War AKA: The Great War Who: Allies (Russia, France, Serbia, Great Britain, United States) vs. Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary) Who: Allies (Russia, France, Serbia, Great Britain, United States) vs. Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary) When: 1914-1918 When: 1914-1918 U.S. President During War: Woodrow Wilson U.S. President During War: Woodrow Wilson Ended: Treaty of Versailles Ended: Treaty of Versailles Events: AH archduke Franz Ferdinand killed by Serbian Gavrilo Princip; Lusitania sunk; Zimmerman note written Events: AH archduke Franz Ferdinand killed by Serbian Gavrilo Princip; Lusitania sunk; Zimmerman note written Results: Europe was restructured, Germany was restructured but would rebuild under Adolf Hitler, and the League of Nations was put into place, even though the U.S. wasn’t a part of it. Results: Europe was restructured, Germany was restructured but would rebuild under Adolf Hitler, and the League of Nations was put into place, even though the U.S. wasn’t a part of it.

9. World War II (Slide #1) Who: Allies (Great Britain, France, USSR, US) vs. Axis Powers ( Germany, Italy, Japan) Who: Allies (Great Britain, France, USSR, US) vs. Axis Powers ( Germany, Italy, Japan) When 1939-1945 When 1939-1945 US Presidents during war: FDR and Truman US Presidents during war: FDR and Truman Major Generals and leaders: European allied commander Eisenhower; Pacific Commander: Macarthur; GB Prime Minister: Churchill; USSR leader: Stalin; Italian leader: Mussolini; German leader Hitler; Japanese leader: Tojo Major Generals and leaders: European allied commander Eisenhower; Pacific Commander: Macarthur; GB Prime Minister: Churchill; USSR leader: Stalin; Italian leader: Mussolini; German leader Hitler; Japanese leader: Tojo Ended: V-E day: Allied victory in Europe May 8, 1945; V-J Day Allied victory in Japan Aug. 14, 1945 Ended: V-E day: Allied victory in Europe May 8, 1945; V-J Day Allied victory in Japan Aug. 14, 1945

10. WWII Continued (Slide #2) Major Battles: D-Day: allied liberation of France in Normandy; Atomic bomb used at Hiroshima and Nagasaki on Aug. 6 th and 9 th, 1945 by U.S. on Japan; Dec. 7 1941 Japan invades Pearl Harbor Major Battles: D-Day: allied liberation of France in Normandy; Atomic bomb used at Hiroshima and Nagasaki on Aug. 6 th and 9 th, 1945 by U.S. on Japan; Dec. 7 1941 Japan invades Pearl Harbor Results: Introduced weapons of mass destruction; Split Germany; introduced United Nations Results: Introduced weapons of mass destruction; Split Germany; introduced United Nations

11. AHSGE Standard I Crusades: European movement that resulted in exposure to Middle Eastern and Asian goods after a failed attempt to take away the Holy Lands from the Muslims. Crusades: European movement that resulted in exposure to Middle Eastern and Asian goods after a failed attempt to take away the Holy Lands from the Muslims. Renaissance: European movement that resulted in new art, technology, and a return to classical thought. Renaissance: European movement that resulted in new art, technology, and a return to classical thought. Reformation: Movement in Europe that resulted in the rise of the protestant religion; Led by Martin Luther and his 95 Theses. Reformation: Movement in Europe that resulted in the rise of the protestant religion; Led by Martin Luther and his 95 Theses. Columbian Exchange: Global transfer of food, plants, animals, and disease after the colonization of the Americas. Columbian Exchange: Global transfer of food, plants, animals, and disease after the colonization of the Americas.

12. AHSGE Standard I Conquistadors: Spanish explorers that sought God, Gold, and Glory. Conquistadors: Spanish explorers that sought God, Gold, and Glory. St. Augustine: 1 st American settlement by Europeans. St. Augustine: 1 st American settlement by Europeans. Jamestown: 1 st successful English settlement in the new world; 1607 Jamestown: 1 st successful English settlement in the new world; 1607 House of Burgesses: Legislature of the Virginia colony; 1 st representative government in the New World. House of Burgesses: Legislature of the Virginia colony; 1 st representative government in the New World. Taxation: Main reason the American colonies protested against British rule. Taxation: Main reason the American colonies protested against British rule.

13. AHSGE Standard I French and Indian War: War that was responsible for forcing the English to tax the colonies, leading to the Revolutionary war. French and Indian War: War that was responsible for forcing the English to tax the colonies, leading to the Revolutionary war. Navigation Acts: Acts passed by George III to monitor trade in and out of the colonies. Navigation Acts: Acts passed by George III to monitor trade in and out of the colonies. Boston Massacre: Attack that occurred in Boston in 1770 resulting in 5 colonist being shot and killed by British troops. Boston Massacre: Attack that occurred in Boston in 1770 resulting in 5 colonist being shot and killed by British troops.

14. AHSGE Standard I Boston Tea Party: Protest by Bostonians in 1773 in reaction to the British passage of the Tea Act; This act was staged by the Sons of Liberty led by Samuel Adams. Boston Tea Party: Protest by Bostonians in 1773 in reaction to the British passage of the Tea Act; This act was staged by the Sons of Liberty led by Samuel Adams. Lexington and Concord: 1 st battle of the American Revolution. Lexington and Concord: 1 st battle of the American Revolution.

15. AHSGE Standard II Magna Carta: Famous English document signed in 1215 by John I was the beginning point for representative government and protection of individual rights in England. Magna Carta: Famous English document signed in 1215 by John I was the beginning point for representative government and protection of individual rights in England. Social Contract Theory: Thomas Hobbes theory that was used by Jefferson while writing the Declaration of Independence that allows a single ruler to be in charge to maintain order. Social Contract Theory: Thomas Hobbes theory that was used by Jefferson while writing the Declaration of Independence that allows a single ruler to be in charge to maintain order. John Locke: English philosopher that influenced Jeffferson when writing the Declaration of Independence; felt people shouldn’t give up natural rights for their freedom. John Locke: English philosopher that influenced Jeffferson when writing the Declaration of Independence; felt people shouldn’t give up natural rights for their freedom.

16. AHSGE Standard II Montesquieu: French philosopher that came up with separation of powers. Montesquieu: French philosopher that came up with separation of powers. –Three Branch System –Checks and Balances Great Awakening: Religious movement of increased activity that occurred in the colonies in the 1730’s and 1740’s. Great Awakening: Religious movement of increased activity that occurred in the colonies in the 1730’s and 1740’s. First Continental Congress: Meeting in Philadelphia called to discuss the unfair treatment of the colonies by Great Britain; Attended by 12 of the 13 colonies. First Continental Congress: Meeting in Philadelphia called to discuss the unfair treatment of the colonies by Great Britain; Attended by 12 of the 13 colonies. Second Continental Congress: Meeting called by the colonist in reaction to GB ignoring the 1 st CC; Sent the Olive Branch Petition; Wrote the Declaration of Independence. Second Continental Congress: Meeting called by the colonist in reaction to GB ignoring the 1 st CC; Sent the Olive Branch Petition; Wrote the Declaration of Independence.

17. AHSGE Standard II Declaration of Independence: Document written by Thomas Jefferson informing GB of colonial independence. Declaration of Independence: Document written by Thomas Jefferson informing GB of colonial independence. Articles of Confederation: The 1 st body of laws that governed the U.S.; Created a loose confederacy. Articles of Confederation: The 1 st body of laws that governed the U.S.; Created a loose confederacy. Constitutional Convention: Convention held to replace the Articles of Confederation and create a more centralized government and a federal system. Constitutional Convention: Convention held to replace the Articles of Confederation and create a more centralized government and a federal system.

18. AHSGE Standard II Great Compromise: Agreement that the U.S. would have two houses in Congress Great Compromise: Agreement that the U.S. would have two houses in Congress Three Fifths Compromise: Solution for counting slaves for representation purposes. Three Fifths Compromise: Solution for counting slaves for representation purposes. Federalism: The idea of sharing power between the national and the state governments. Federalism: The idea of sharing power between the national and the state governments. Preamble: Opening paragraph of the constitution. Preamble: Opening paragraph of the constitution. Elastic Clause: Idea that Congress has a broad range of power with a great deal of flexibility. Elastic Clause: Idea that Congress has a broad range of power with a great deal of flexibility.

19. AHSGE Standard II 13 th Amendment: Abolished Slavery 13 th Amendment: Abolished Slavery 14 th Amendment: Guarantees protection of the law for all citizens. 14 th Amendment: Guarantees protection of the law for all citizens. 15 th Amendment: Gave the right to vote to African American males. 15 th Amendment: Gave the right to vote to African American males. 19 th Amendment: Gave women the right to vote. 19 th Amendment: Gave women the right to vote. Federalist Papers: Papers written by Jay, Hamilton, and Madison encouraging the passage of the Constitution. Federalist Papers: Papers written by Jay, Hamilton, and Madison encouraging the passage of the Constitution. Bill of Rights: 1 st ten amendments of the constitution that were written to protect your individual rights. Bill of Rights: 1 st ten amendments of the constitution that were written to protect your individual rights. Federalist: Supported the constitution as is. Federalist: Supported the constitution as is. Anti-Federalist or Democrat-Republicans: Supported the constitution only if it contained a Bill of Rights. Anti-Federalist or Democrat-Republicans: Supported the constitution only if it contained a Bill of Rights.

20. AHSGE Standard II Alexander Hamilton: Developed an economic plan for the U.S. during the 1790’s. Alexander Hamilton: Developed an economic plan for the U.S. during the 1790’s. George Washington: Led 1 st colonial army; 1 st president of U.S.; Warned Americans about competing political parties in his farewell address. George Washington: Led 1 st colonial army; 1 st president of U.S.; Warned Americans about competing political parties in his farewell address. John Marshall: Served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court for 34 years (longest term ever) and helped shape our national government; Declared that Supreme Court has the power of judicial review. John Marshall: Served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court for 34 years (longest term ever) and helped shape our national government; Declared that Supreme Court has the power of judicial review. Marbury vs. Madison: Supreme court case that established Judicial Review. Marbury vs. Madison: Supreme court case that established Judicial Review.

21. Standard III Boston Tea Party: Reaction of colonial group the sons of liberty led by Samuel Adams to the Tea Act; This bill resulted in the Coercive (Intolerable) Acts passed by the British Parliament. Boston Tea Party: Reaction of colonial group the sons of liberty led by Samuel Adams to the Tea Act; This bill resulted in the Coercive (Intolerable) Acts passed by the British Parliament. Olive Branch Petition: Document sent by the colonist to George II of GB as a final attempt at peace by the colonist in 1775. Olive Branch Petition: Document sent by the colonist to George II of GB as a final attempt at peace by the colonist in 1775. Patrick Henry: Revolutionary that gave the famous speech “give me liberty or give me death.” Patrick Henry: Revolutionary that gave the famous speech “give me liberty or give me death.” Paul Revere: Made the famous ride warning the colonist that the Redcoats were coming. Paul Revere: Made the famous ride warning the colonist that the Redcoats were coming.

22. Standard III Saratoga: Turning point of the Revolutionary War; Resulted in France becoming an ally. Saratoga: Turning point of the Revolutionary War; Resulted in France becoming an ally. Valley Forge: Place where Washington’s troops camped during the harsh winter of 1777-1778 during the Revolutionary War. Valley Forge: Place where Washington’s troops camped during the harsh winter of 1777-1778 during the Revolutionary War. Yorktown: Last major battle of the Revolutionary War; Cornwallis surrendered to Washington. Yorktown: Last major battle of the Revolutionary War; Cornwallis surrendered to Washington. Treaty of Paris 1783: Treaty that ended the Revolutionary War; U.S. gained its independence because of this treaty. Treaty of Paris 1783: Treaty that ended the Revolutionary War; U.S. gained its independence because of this treaty.

23. Standard III War of 1812: U.S. defeated Great Britain in a final attempt to regain U.S. territory. War of 1812: U.S. defeated Great Britain in a final attempt to regain U.S. territory. Embargo Act: Law passed by Jefferson that disallowed U.S. to trade with other nations; led to War of 1812. Embargo Act: Law passed by Jefferson that disallowed U.S. to trade with other nations; led to War of 1812. Impressment: Act of the British Navy forcing Americans into service. Impressment: Act of the British Navy forcing Americans into service. Land Ordinance of 1785: Divided old Northwest Territory into townships. Land Ordinance of 1785: Divided old Northwest Territory into townships. Northwest Ordinance of 1787: disallowed slavery in the old northwest. Northwest Ordinance of 1787: disallowed slavery in the old northwest.

24. Standard III Louisiana Purchase: Land bought by the U.S. from France for 15 mil. In 1803; Jefferson responsible for purchase; doubled the size of the U.S. Louisiana Purchase: Land bought by the U.S. from France for 15 mil. In 1803; Jefferson responsible for purchase; doubled the size of the U.S. Lewis and Clark: Explorers hired by Jefferson to explore the western U.S. Lewis and Clark: Explorers hired by Jefferson to explore the western U.S. Era of Good Feelings: Prosperous times post War of 1812; one political party. Era of Good Feelings: Prosperous times post War of 1812; one political party. Alabama: Became a U.S. state in the year 1819. Alabama: Became a U.S. state in the year 1819. Missouri Compromise: Congressional agreement that allowed Missouri to become a slave state and Maine to become a free state. Missouri Compromise: Congressional agreement that allowed Missouri to become a slave state and Maine to become a free state.

25. Standard III Monroe Doctrine: American foreign policy that was passed in 1823 and forbade European colonization in the Americas. Monroe Doctrine: American foreign policy that was passed in 1823 and forbade European colonization in the Americas. Indian Removal Act: The law that forced the five native southeast tribes to evacuate to the west to live on reservations; Occurred during Jackson’s tenure. Indian Removal Act: The law that forced the five native southeast tribes to evacuate to the west to live on reservations; Occurred during Jackson’s tenure. Trail of Tears: Event instated by the U.S. gov’t that forced the Cherokee Indians to march at gunpoint from Ga. To Ok. Trail of Tears: Event instated by the U.S. gov’t that forced the Cherokee Indians to march at gunpoint from Ga. To Ok.

26. Standard III Four major trails used by the settlers in western U.S. Four major trails used by the settlers in western U.S. –Santa Fe: Commercial and Military route –Oregon: Migratory Route –Mormon: Western Trail used by Mormon Church –California: Migratory route to gold mines Texas Independence: Gained from Mexico in 1836 and later joined the U.S. Texas Independence: Gained from Mexico in 1836 and later joined the U.S. Manifest Destiny: Idea that the United States should extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Manifest Destiny: Idea that the United States should extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

27. Standard III Mexican War: 1846-1848 U.S. vs. Mexico; U.S. acquired California and New Mexico territories. Mexican War: 1846-1848 U.S. vs. Mexico; U.S. acquired California and New Mexico territories. Seneca Falls Convention: 1 st major womens rights convention held in the U.S.; Led by Elisabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott Seneca Falls Convention: 1 st major womens rights convention held in the U.S.; Led by Elisabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott The Liberator: Abolitionist literature produced by William Lloyd Garrison The Liberator: Abolitionist literature produced by William Lloyd Garrison The North Star: Abolitionist literature produced by Frederick Douglass The North Star: Abolitionist literature produced by Frederick Douglass Underground Railroad: System set up by abolitionist to help slaves escape to freedom. Underground Railroad: System set up by abolitionist to help slaves escape to freedom. Harriet Tubman : Black woman who used the underground railroad to liberate hundreds of slaves. Harriet Tubman : Black woman who used the underground railroad to liberate hundreds of slaves.

28. Standard III Dorothea Dix: Led prison reform movement in the U.S.; fought for reform in the mental health system. Dorothea Dix: Led prison reform movement in the U.S.; fought for reform in the mental health system. Horace Mann: Led the educational reform movement in the U.S. in the 1800’s. Horace Mann: Led the educational reform movement in the U.S. in the 1800’s. Utopian Societies: Communities developed which tried to make a perfect society. Utopian Societies: Communities developed which tried to make a perfect society. Joseph Smith: founded the Mormon faith. Joseph Smith: founded the Mormon faith. Brigham Young: Led the Mormons to Utah. Brigham Young: Led the Mormons to Utah. Ft. McHenry: War of 1812 battle that resulted in the protection of Baltimore and the inspiration for Francis Scott Key’s “Star Spangled Banner” Ft. McHenry: War of 1812 battle that resulted in the protection of Baltimore and the inspiration for Francis Scott Key’s “Star Spangled Banner”

29. Standard III Horseshoe Bend: War of 1812 battle where Jackson defeated the Creek Indians in Al. Horseshoe Bend: War of 1812 battle where Jackson defeated the Creek Indians in Al. New Orleans: War of 1812 battle where Jackson defeated the British after a truce had been called. New Orleans: War of 1812 battle where Jackson defeated the British after a truce had been called. Gibbons v. Ogden: Supreme court case (under Marshall) which insured that national government controlled interstate commerce. Gibbons v. Ogden: Supreme court case (under Marshall) which insured that national government controlled interstate commerce. McCulloch v. Maryland: Supreme court case (under Marshall) which insured that the national bank was constitutional. McCulloch v. Maryland: Supreme court case (under Marshall) which insured that the national bank was constitutional.

30. Standard III Andrew Jackson: President that established the spoils system. Andrew Jackson: President that established the spoils system. Spoils System: Practice where a political party gives government jobs to its voters as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party—as opposed to a system of awarding offices on the basis of some measure of merit. Spoils System: Practice where a political party gives government jobs to its voters as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party—as opposed to a system of awarding offices on the basis of some measure of merit. Nullification Crisis: South Carolina’s attempt to void the Tariff of 1832. Nullification Crisis: South Carolina’s attempt to void the Tariff of 1832. Transcendentalism: Group of new ideas in literature, religion, culture, and philosophy that emerged in New England in the early to middle 19th century; Whitman, Emerson, and Thoreau Transcendentalism: Group of new ideas in literature, religion, culture, and philosophy that emerged in New England in the early to middle 19th century; Whitman, Emerson, and Thoreau

31. Standard IV Compromise of 1850: Congressional solution that made California a free state and gave popular sovereignty to the New Mexico and Utah territories. Compromise of 1850: Congressional solution that made California a free state and gave popular sovereignty to the New Mexico and Utah territories. Popular Sovereignty: Belief that the laws of a state should be determined by the citizens of that state. Popular Sovereignty: Belief that the laws of a state should be determined by the citizens of that state. Fugitive Slave Law: Part of Compromise of 1850 that mandated the return of escaped slaves; this provision angered the northerners. Fugitive Slave Law: Part of Compromise of 1850 that mandated the return of escaped slaves; this provision angered the northerners. Kansas-Nebraska Act: Act supported by Stephen Douglas that gave popular sovereignty to the Kansas and Nebraska territories. Kansas-Nebraska Act: Act supported by Stephen Douglas that gave popular sovereignty to the Kansas and Nebraska territories.

32. Standard IV Republican Party: Political party formed in the 1850’s that supported the anti-slavery platform; also known as the party of Lincoln. Republican Party: Political party formed in the 1850’s that supported the anti-slavery platform; also known as the party of Lincoln. Dred Scott Decision: Famous case that upheld the right of slave owners as property holders and disallowed slaves to file court cases. Dred Scott Decision: Famous case that upheld the right of slave owners as property holders and disallowed slaves to file court cases. John Brown: Led an unsuccessful raid at Harper’s Ferry arsenal in an attempt to end slavery by any means. John Brown: Led an unsuccessful raid at Harper’s Ferry arsenal in an attempt to end slavery by any means. Abe Lincoln: 16 th President; Won election of 1860; President during Civil War; Assassinated by John Wilkes Booth; Responsible for Emancipation Proclamation Abe Lincoln: 16 th President; Won election of 1860; President during Civil War; Assassinated by John Wilkes Booth; Responsible for Emancipation Proclamation

33. Standard IV South Carolina: 1 st state to secede from the union. South Carolina: 1 st state to secede from the union. Winston County: Alabama county that never seceded from the union. Winston County: Alabama county that never seceded from the union. Virginia: State that split over the decision to secede and eventually became two states. Virginia: State that split over the decision to secede and eventually became two states. 54 th Massachusetts: Most famous black military units to fight in the Civil War. 54 th Massachusetts: Most famous black military units to fight in the Civil War. Homestead Act: Act passes to encourage settlement in the west; passed during the Civil War. Homestead Act: Act passes to encourage settlement in the west; passed during the Civil War. Morill Land Grant Act: Act passed during the Civil War that granted large areas of land to the states from the federal government. Morill Land Grant Act: Act passed during the Civil War that granted large areas of land to the states from the federal government.

34. Standard IV Emancipation Proclamation: Act passed by Lincoln on Jan. 1, 1863 that granted freedom to all slaves. Emancipation Proclamation: Act passed by Lincoln on Jan. 1, 1863 that granted freedom to all slaves. Writ of Habeas Corpus: A person’s right to know for what they are being detained; this right was suspended by Lincoln during the Civil War. Writ of Habeas Corpus: A person’s right to know for what they are being detained; this right was suspended by Lincoln during the Civil War. Bull Run: 1 st major battle of the Civil War. Bull Run: 1 st major battle of the Civil War. Antietam: Bloodiest single-day battle of the Civil War. Antietam: Bloodiest single-day battle of the Civil War. Gettysburg: Major defeat of Lee and the South in Pennsylvania. Bloodiest battle Gettysburg: Major defeat of Lee and the South in Pennsylvania. Bloodiest battle Vicksburg: Major battle in Mississippi that resulted in a complete blockade of the south by the Union. Vicksburg: Major battle in Mississippi that resulted in a complete blockade of the south by the Union.

35. Standard IV General Tecumseh Sherman: Union General that captured and burned Atlanta and continued southward to Savannah destroying everything in his path. General Tecumseh Sherman: Union General that captured and burned Atlanta and continued southward to Savannah destroying everything in his path. Gettysburg Address: Speech by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln and one of the most quoted speeches in United States history. It was delivered at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Gettysburg Address: Speech by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln and one of the most quoted speeches in United States history. It was delivered at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Appomattox Court House: Location of Lee’s surrender to Grant thus ending the Civil War. Appomattox Court House: Location of Lee’s surrender to Grant thus ending the Civil War. Reconstruction: Program initiated to return southern states to the Union, rebuild the South’s infrastructure, and protect the rights of the free blacks. Reconstruction: Program initiated to return southern states to the Union, rebuild the South’s infrastructure, and protect the rights of the free blacks. Black Codes: Laws passed by southern states in an attempt to undermine the Union. Black Codes: Laws passed by southern states in an attempt to undermine the Union.

36. Standard IV Carpetbaggers: Northerners who moved to the south after the Civil War, voted Republican, and were scorned by southerners. Carpetbaggers: Northerners who moved to the south after the Civil War, voted Republican, and were scorned by southerners. Scalawags: Southerners who voted republican after the Civil War and helped the northern Reconstruction effort. Scalawags: Southerners who voted republican after the Civil War and helped the northern Reconstruction effort. Ulysses Grant: President during reconstruction; remembered as being very corrupt. Ulysses Grant: President during reconstruction; remembered as being very corrupt. Jim Crow Laws: Laws passed in southern states after reconstruction that stripped African Americans of basic rights like voting. Jim Crow Laws: Laws passed in southern states after reconstruction that stripped African Americans of basic rights like voting. Tenant Farming: Farming method after the Civil War where farmers rented land to grow crops. Tenant Farming: Farming method after the Civil War where farmers rented land to grow crops. Sharecropping: Farming where farmers were forced to share crops with landowners. Sharecropping: Farming where farmers were forced to share crops with landowners.

37. Standard V (Post-1877) Buffalo: Animal that was highly relied upon by Plains Indians Buffalo: Animal that was highly relied upon by Plains Indians Railroads: 19 th Century technological innovation led to the rapid settlement of the western territories Railroads: 19 th Century technological innovation led to the rapid settlement of the western territories Geronimo: Great Apache leader that surrendered to the U.S. troops in 1886 Geronimo: Great Apache leader that surrendered to the U.S. troops in 1886 Custer: U.S. Cavalry leader that was killed at the Battle of Little Big Horn Custer: U.S. Cavalry leader that was killed at the Battle of Little Big Horn Sitting Bull: Leader of the Sioux nation at the Battle of Little Big Horn Sitting Bull: Leader of the Sioux nation at the Battle of Little Big Horn

38. Standard V Dawes Act: The act where the United States government attempted to settle Indians on plots of land to farm Dawes Act: The act where the United States government attempted to settle Indians on plots of land to farm Massacre at Wounded Knee: Event that resulted in over 200 unarmed Sioux being massacred by U.S. troops in 1890 Massacre at Wounded Knee: Event that resulted in over 200 unarmed Sioux being massacred by U.S. troops in 1890 Boomers: Western settlers who staked legal claims to land in Oklahoma Boomers: Western settlers who staked legal claims to land in Oklahoma Sooners: Western Settlers who staked illegal claims to land in Oklahoma Sooners: Western Settlers who staked illegal claims to land in Oklahoma Barbed Wire: Caused the decline in the open range used by farmers on the Great Plains Barbed Wire: Caused the decline in the open range used by farmers on the Great Plains Long drives: Cattle ranchers move their beef back to eastern markets on these trails Long drives: Cattle ranchers move their beef back to eastern markets on these trails

39. Standard V-Jan. 27 Farmer’s Alliance: Farmers organized themselves to fight Big Business Farmer’s Alliance: Farmers organized themselves to fight Big Business Grange: The name given to the groups of farmers that organized themselves politically during the late 1800s Grange: The name given to the groups of farmers that organized themselves politically during the late 1800s Thomas Edison: Invented the light bulb and electric generators Thomas Edison: Invented the light bulb and electric generators Alexander Graham Bell: Invented the telephone Alexander Graham Bell: Invented the telephone Steel: The major industry in Alabama during the late 1800s Steel: The major industry in Alabama during the late 1800s Robber barons: Captains of Industry referred to during the late 1800s Robber barons: Captains of Industry referred to during the late 1800s Carnegie, Rockefeller, J.P. Morgan: 3 important leaders of industry during the late 1800s Carnegie, Rockefeller, J.P. Morgan: 3 important leaders of industry during the late 1800s

40. Standard V-Feb.1 Social Darwinism: Theory used to promote competition in the marketplace Social Darwinism: Theory used to promote competition in the marketplace Gospel of Wealth: Idea promoted by Andrew Carnegie that stated the wealthy should give back riches to the community Gospel of Wealth: Idea promoted by Andrew Carnegie that stated the wealthy should give back riches to the community Horatio Alger: Novelist who wrote many fictional stories promoting the “rags to riches” theme Horatio Alger: Novelist who wrote many fictional stories promoting the “rags to riches” theme Progressivism: Movement that promoted change in government, business, and social welfare Progressivism: Movement that promoted change in government, business, and social welfare Muckrakers: Journalists who were intent on exposing corruption in the early 1900s Muckrakers: Journalists who were intent on exposing corruption in the early 1900s The Jungle: Novel that was highly acclaimed for exposing problems in the meatpacking industry The Jungle: Novel that was highly acclaimed for exposing problems in the meatpacking industry

41. Standard V-Feb. 3 Ida Tarbell: Exposed the corruption of the Standard Oil Company Ida Tarbell: Exposed the corruption of the Standard Oil Company W.E.B. DuBois: African-American who encouraged blacks to seek social justice and equality; early leader of the NAACP W.E.B. DuBois: African-American who encouraged blacks to seek social justice and equality; early leader of the NAACP Booker T. Washington: African-American who encouraged blacks to learn a trade and also founded the Tuskegee Institute in 1881 Booker T. Washington: African-American who encouraged blacks to learn a trade and also founded the Tuskegee Institute in 1881 George Washington Carver: African-American who was famous for his work as an agricultural scientist George Washington Carver: African-American who was famous for his work as an agricultural scientist Plessy v. Ferguson: Supreme Court decision that upheld segregation in 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson: Supreme Court decision that upheld segregation in 1896 STUDY FOR 13 COLONIES QUIZ!!!!!!!! STUDY FOR 13 COLONIES QUIZ!!!!!!!!

42. Standard V-Feb. 4 16 th Amendment: Income tax 16 th Amendment: Income tax 17 th Amendment: Election of senators by popular vote 17 th Amendment: Election of senators by popular vote 18 th Amendment: Prohibition 18 th Amendment: Prohibition Theodore Roosevelt: President who introduced conservation methods to preserve millions of acres of western land Theodore Roosevelt: President who introduced conservation methods to preserve millions of acres of western land

43. Standard V-Feb. 8 Clayton Antitrust Act: Act that was passed during Wilson’s tenure that was intended to break up monopolies Clayton Antitrust Act: Act that was passed during Wilson’s tenure that was intended to break up monopolies Federal Reserve System: Woodrow Wilson changed the banking system in the U.S. in 1913 through this program Federal Reserve System: Woodrow Wilson changed the banking system in the U.S. in 1913 through this program Federal Trade Commission: Commission that was set up by Wilson to monitor the practices of businesses Federal Trade Commission: Commission that was set up by Wilson to monitor the practices of businesses Woodrow Wilson: Won the presidency in 1912; he was a Democrat Woodrow Wilson: Won the presidency in 1912; he was a Democrat

44. Standard VI – Feb.11 Imperialism: The conquest of larger nations over smaller “uncivilized” nations to gain access to their natural resources and markets (This helps to achieve “EMPIRE”) Imperialism: The conquest of larger nations over smaller “uncivilized” nations to gain access to their natural resources and markets (This helps to achieve “EMPIRE”) Hawaii: Territory annexed by the U.S. in the Pacific Ocean in 1898 Hawaii: Territory annexed by the U.S. in the Pacific Ocean in 1898 Spanish-American War: war that America became involved with in 1898, in hopes of achieving imperialism Spanish-American War: war that America became involved with in 1898, in hopes of achieving imperialism Yellow Journalism (Yellow press): Sensationalistic journalism that served as a major cause of the Spanish-American War Yellow Journalism (Yellow press): Sensationalistic journalism that served as a major cause of the Spanish-American War

45. Standard VI – Feb.17 Rough Riders: Group of volunteers led by Teddy Roosevelt up San Juan Hill (Cuba) during the Spanish-American War Rough Riders: Group of volunteers led by Teddy Roosevelt up San Juan Hill (Cuba) during the Spanish-American War Philippines: Group of islands in the south Pacific that the U.S. gained control over as a result of the Spanish defeat in the war Philippines: Group of islands in the south Pacific that the U.S. gained control over as a result of the Spanish defeat in the war Panama Canal: Teddy Roosevelt led the movement to build this canal in central America; connected Atlantic to Pacific with a quicker route Panama Canal: Teddy Roosevelt led the movement to build this canal in central America; connected Atlantic to Pacific with a quicker route Roosevelt Corollary: Extension to the Monroe Doctrine that was made by Roosevelt justifying American intervention in South America Roosevelt Corollary: Extension to the Monroe Doctrine that was made by Roosevelt justifying American intervention in South America

46. Standard VI – Feb. 22 Dollar Diplomacy: Taft’s foreign diplomacy; utilize a nation’s wealth to negotiate with other countries Dollar Diplomacy: Taft’s foreign diplomacy; utilize a nation’s wealth to negotiate with other countries 4 MAIN Causes of WWI: 4 MAIN Causes of WWI: –Militarism –Alliances –Imperialism –Nationalism Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand: Immediate cause of World War I Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand: Immediate cause of World War I Why did U.S. enter WWI?: Why did U.S. enter WWI?: –Sinking of the Lusitania –Zimmerman Note (Telegram) –Unrestricted submarine warfare (Germans)

47. Standard VI – Feb. 23 Technological innovations of WWI: tank, submarine, poison gas, trench warfare (tank-British, submarine-Germans) Technological innovations of WWI: tank, submarine, poison gas, trench warfare (tank-British, submarine-Germans) Treaty of Versailles: Treaty that ended WWI Treaty of Versailles: Treaty that ended WWI Central Powers: Germany, Austri-Hungary, Ottoman Empire Central Powers: Germany, Austri-Hungary, Ottoman Empire Allied Powers: France, Britain, U.S., Russia, Italy (Italy would join Germany during WWII) Allied Powers: France, Britain, U.S., Russia, Italy (Italy would join Germany during WWII)