1. Welcome to the Unit 6 Seminar for KU 120! Tonight’s Topics: Classification and Compare & Contrast Patterns of Organization

2. Two Patterns of Organization Compare and contrast pattern of organization -- In this pattern, information that highlights similarities and differences of concepts are included. Compare and contrast pattern of organization -- In this pattern, information that highlights similarities and differences of concepts are included. Classification pattern of organization- In this pattern, we sort ideas into smaller groups based on shared traits. Classification pattern of organization- In this pattern, we sort ideas into smaller groups based on shared traits.

3. Assignments This Week. Discussion Board Posts Discussion Board Posts Seminar Seminar Read pages 265-266, 296-305 Read pages 265-266, 296-305 Check out list of transitions on pp. 297 & 300 Check out list of transitions on pp. 297 & 300 Reading Lab Reading Lab Check out diagrams located in Doc Sharing Check out diagrams located in Doc Sharing

4. Comparison/Contrast In passages where you will see a Compare and Contrast Pattern of Organization, the reading will be organized to show similarities and differences between two concepts or topics. When looking at topics of this nature you should be able to answer the following questions: How are these topics the same? How are they different? In passages where you will see a Compare and Contrast Pattern of Organization, the reading will be organized to show similarities and differences between two concepts or topics. When looking at topics of this nature you should be able to answer the following questions: How are these topics the same? How are they different? Comparisons point out similarities between two topics; while contrasts point out differences. Often, a paragraph will point out both similarities and differences. Comparisons point out similarities between two topics; while contrasts point out differences. Often, a paragraph will point out both similarities and differences.

5. Some Transitions Signaling Similarity Along the same lines Along the same lines By the same token By the same token Also Also In like fashion or manner In like fashion or manner Just as Just as Likewise Likewise Similarly Similarly

6. Some Transitions Signaling Difference Actually Actually Although Although But But Conversely Conversely Despite the fact Despite the fact Even though Even though However However In contrast In contrast Nevertheless Nevertheless In contrast In contrast

7. Taking Notes on Comparison/Contrast Notes should include three essential elements: 1. The two topics being compared and/or contrasted. 2. The similarities and/or differences between the two. 3. The main ideas they explain or support.

8. Venn Diagram – Use with Comparison/Contrast Differences

9. Example One Gerald Ford, the 38 th president of the U.S., liked to allude to one of his predecessors, Harry S. Truman. Ford seemed to think that likening himself to Truman would increase his hold on the public’s imagination. Like For, Truman had been a vice president who became president only by chance. Neither Truman nor Ford was an intellectual, and both men tended to exaggerate their lack of learning, insisting that they were just simple men with simple tastes. Also, Ford liked to point out that both he and Truman came to office at a difficult time.

10. Two Circles Ford- Differences= 38 th president Ford- Differences= 38 th president Truman- Differences= it was luck becoming president Truman- Differences= it was luck becoming president Similarities (where two circles overlap)= neither intellectual, both exaggerated lack of learning, both simple men, both simple tastes, both came to office during difficult times Similarities (where two circles overlap)= neither intellectual, both exaggerated lack of learning, both simple men, both simple tastes, both came to office during difficult times

11. Key Concepts Classification pattern of organization -- In this pattern, each part of a topic is broken down to explain the different parts. Classification pattern of organization -- In this pattern, each part of a topic is broken down to explain the different parts. Spider web -- This graphic organizer that allows the reader to organize information about a single concept. The information is organized with the main idea in the center circle and smaller circles including the supporting details that come out from the center. It resembles a spider web. Spider web -- This graphic organizer that allows the reader to organize information about a single concept. The information is organized with the main idea in the center circle and smaller circles including the supporting details that come out from the center. It resembles a spider web.

12. Classification This pattern is used to breakdown a topic into different parts. It explains the parts of the whole. For example, you may see an article about different jobs that are available in a particular business. Each job would be included and then an explanation would be given about each job and how it relates to the other jobs. This pattern is used to breakdown a topic into different parts. It explains the parts of the whole. For example, you may see an article about different jobs that are available in a particular business. Each job would be included and then an explanation would be given about each job and how it relates to the other jobs.

13. More on Classification Understanding how to use this organization pattern can assist you in both your reading comprehension as well as improving your writing skills. There are key words that assist a reader in knowing that a reading is organized by classification. Understanding how to use this organization pattern can assist you in both your reading comprehension as well as improving your writing skills. There are key words that assist a reader in knowing that a reading is organized by classification. Examples of key words that will help you know the reading is a classification pattern of organization are as follows: Examples of key words that will help you know the reading is a classification pattern of organization are as follows: Number of characteristics Number of characteristics Number of parts Number of parts Number of sections Number of sections Number of types Number of types

14. Sample Topic Sentences That Indicate Classification Scientific experiments fall into four different categories. Scientific experiments fall into four different categories. Bestsellers can be divided into three types. Bestsellers can be divided into three types. Researchers in interpersonal communication have come up with four kinds of conversations. Researchers in interpersonal communication have come up with four kinds of conversations.

15. Commonly Used Words in Classification Topic Sentences Categories Categories Components Components Fields Fields Groups Groups Parts Parts Factors Factors Elements Elements Types Types Kinds Kinds Classes Classes

16. Graphic Organizer One Types of Blood Vessels ArteriesCapillariesVeins

17. Graphic Organizer Two Blood Vessels Arteries Blood is red, oxygenated Veins Blood is purplish, no oxygen Capillaries Thin walls, carry nutrients

18. Outline Format I. Types of blood vessels A. Arteries 1. Blood red 2. Oxygenated B. Veins 1. Blood purplish 2. No oxygen C. Capillaries 1. Thin walls 2. Carry nutrients

19. Example One: How would you set this up in your notes? The sociologist Max Weber classified authority into three major types. Traditional authority is based on custom and accepted practice. Charismatic authority stems from the personality of the individual. Legal-rational authority comes from rules or laws created to make institutions function effectively. All three types of authority are present in most societies, and they do occasionally overlap.

20. Which pattern is it? How do you know? Explain. “When stock prices fully reflect information that is available to investors, the stock market is efficient; in contrast, when the stock prices do not reflect all information, the stock market is inefficient.” “When stock prices fully reflect information that is available to investors, the stock market is efficient; in contrast, when the stock prices do not reflect all information, the stock market is inefficient.”__cause-and-effect __comparison-and-contrast __comparison-and-contrast __definition-and-example __definition-and-example

21. Which pattern is it? “When stock prices fully reflect information that is available to investors, the stock market is efficient; in contrast, when the stock prices do not reflect all information, the stock market is inefficient.” “When stock prices fully reflect information that is available to investors, the stock market is efficient; in contrast, when the stock prices do not reflect all information, the stock market is inefficient.”__cause-and-effect X comparison-and-contrast X comparison-and-contrast __definition-and-example __definition-and-example

22. What pattern is this? How do you know? Explain. Child psychologists are inclined to divide aggressive behavior into two kinds, overt and relational aggression. Overt aggression harms others through actual physical damage or the threat of physical harm. Children who engage in overt aggression are likely to push, hit, or kick a peer. At the very least, those who are overtly aggressive will make explicit threats to do some kind of physical harm in the future. Relational aggression is more psychological than physical and it revolves around threats to or criticism of peer relations. Children who use relational aggression, for example, may taunt a peer by saying that he or she is unlikable and has no friends. At one time, parents and educators focused on strategies to avoid overt aggression among children because this kind of aggression seemed more harmful. Child psychologists are inclined to divide aggressive behavior into two kinds, overt and relational aggression. Overt aggression harms others through actual physical damage or the threat of physical harm. Children who engage in overt aggression are likely to push, hit, or kick a peer. At the very least, those who are overtly aggressive will make explicit threats to do some kind of physical harm in the future. Relational aggression is more psychological than physical and it revolves around threats to or criticism of peer relations. Children who use relational aggression, for example, may taunt a peer by saying that he or she is unlikable and has no friends. At one time, parents and educators focused on strategies to avoid overt aggression among children because this kind of aggression seemed more harmful.

23. Solution Uses key words like “kind” to identify groups. Uses key words like “kind” to identify groups. Main idea= two types of aggressive behavior: overt and relational. Main idea= two types of aggressive behavior: overt and relational. Then, rest of passage gives supporting details for each of the groups. Then, rest of passage gives supporting details for each of the groups. It is the classification pattern of organization.

24. Read and identify the main idea, supporting details, and pattern of organization. Psychological problems are generally classified into two categories: externalizing and internalizing disorders. The externalizing disorders are characterized by aggression diverted outward, such as striking out at other people or the environment. These kinds of disorders exhibit behaviors such as lying, stealing, disobedience, and fighting. The internalizing disorders are directed inward. These affect the individual rather than other people or the environment. These disorders include anxiety, depression, worrying, withdrawal, and panic attacks. Psychological problems are generally classified into two categories: externalizing and internalizing disorders. The externalizing disorders are characterized by aggression diverted outward, such as striking out at other people or the environment. These kinds of disorders exhibit behaviors such as lying, stealing, disobedience, and fighting. The internalizing disorders are directed inward. These affect the individual rather than other people or the environment. These disorders include anxiety, depression, worrying, withdrawal, and panic attacks.

25. Solutions Main Idea- Psychological problems are generally divided into two groups: externalizing & internalizing disorders. Main Idea- Psychological problems are generally divided into two groups: externalizing & internalizing disorders. Pattern of organization is classification. Pattern of organization is classification. Supporting Details 1. Externalizing disorders are directed toward others. A. Includes lying, stealing, disobedience… B. Also includes violence 2. Internalizing – are directed inward. A. Include anxiety, etc…

26. Let’s Review the different patterns of organization we have learned. 1. Time Order 1. Time Order -chain of events, could be chronological -chain of events, could be chronological Transitions = after, first, next, while, last, currently, etc… Transitions = after, first, next, while, last, currently, etc… 2. Space Order 2. Space Order -logical order based on location in space -logical order based on location in space Transitions= above, back, behind, below, there, right, left, etc… Transitions= above, back, behind, below, there, right, left, etc… 3. Classification -sort by groups and subgroups on shared traits Transitions= another, group, first, second, traits, order, etc… Compare & Contrast -finding similarities and differences between different items. Transitions= similar to, difference, contrast, alike, both, in comparison, etc…

27. Why are transitions important both as a reader and a writer? For every pattern of organization, transitions are identified. For every pattern of organization, transitions are identified. With writing, it is always essential to use transitions? With writing, it is always essential to use transitions? CAN YOU EXPLAIN WHY NOW?

28. Closing Comments ANY QUESTIONS, COMMENTS, CONCERNS?????? ANY QUESTIONS, COMMENTS, CONCERNS?????? If you are falling behind, it is essential to get caught up as soon as possible. If you are falling behind, it is essential to get caught up as soon as possible. Feel free to contact me to get help!! Feel free to contact me to get help!! Have a great night. Have a great night.