1. Chapter 1: How are computers organized?

2. Software, data, & processing ? A computers has no insight or intuition A computers has no insight or intuition It must be told what to do by instructions It must be told what to do by instructions A program: a sequence of instructions A program: a sequence of instructions Data: user data and application data Data: user data and application data User data: data entered by a user User data: data entered by a user –The text of a report you entered Application data: supplied by a program Application data: supplied by a program –Initial font, spacing between lines, etc in MS WORD

3. Software, data, & processing ? Processing: Processing: –a computer follows programs in working with data Computer application: Computer application: –a program and its application data Software Software –Programs, in old days –Computer applications, now

4. How do computers work? We find out over the whole semester. We find out over the whole semester.

5. Main components in a machine? Central Processing Unit (CPU) Central Processing Unit (CPU) –Direct all operations in the computer –Synonyms: the brain, processors, microprocessors Main memory or memory Main memory or memory –Holds the data and instructions during processing –Synonyms: Random Access Memory (RAM) Input/output (I/O) devices Input/output (I/O) devices –Allow the CPU to interact with users –Keyboards, monitors, printers, disks, etc.

6. Main components in a machine? Memory CPU System Unit Disk InputOutput Network

7. How are components connected? Integrated circuits – chips Integrated circuits – chips –CPU, memory, etc Buses Buses –Electrical passage between chips Motherboard Motherboard –Circuit board hosting all the components Cards: Cards: –Circuit boards for I/O devices –Network card, video card, modem, etc.

8. How are components connected? CPURAMDiskKeyboardMonitor Bus

9. What does the “brain” look like? processor chip adapter cards memory chips memory slots motherboard Expansion slots for adapter cards

10. What the components look like?

11. What is a “virtual machines”? A work environment for a specific task A work environment for a specific task –An interface –A collection of capabilities –A way of thinking about the task Examples Examples –MS word –Internet Explore

12. Summary – chapter 1 Hardware components Hardware components –CPU, memory, I/O devices –Connected together by buses –Circuits combined in chips –Chips placed on cards/board Software and Information Software and Information –Instructions: tell the computer what to do –Application data: used by programs –User data: processed by programs

13. Terminology Hardware Hardware Software Software CPU CPU Main memory Main memory I/O devices I/O devices Cache memory Cache memory Bus Bus Chip and casing Chip and casing Card Card Expansion slots Expansion slots Instructions Instructions Programs Programs Computer applications Computer applications Latency Latency Processing Processing Data Data