1. Natural Resources Renewable/Non-Renewable Resources Sustainability Biodiversity Conservation

2. Natural Resources  Anything made by nature and needed by living organisms.  Ex. Land, water, air, coal, oil, natural gas http://www.arizonamemorial.org/images/page-headers/locations/kalaupapa-natural-resources.jpg

3.  Renewable Resources –Can be replaced in reasonable amount of time –Water, soil, air, and wildlife  Nonrenewable Resources –Cannot replace rapidly or in fixed quantities –Minerals and fossil fuels  Concern for conserving natural resources:

4. Concerns  Population increases  Resources are consumed in greater quantities  Environment degrades as result of use  Demand for resources is major threat to biodiversity

5. Land  Used for a variety of purposes: – Farming – Housing – Mining – Recreation http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/images/wsci_03_img0308.jpg

6. Water, Water Everywhere and Not a Drop to Drink!  Of ALL the water on Earth... – Only 2.8% is freshwater  Only.7% is not in glaciers or ice caps – Only.01% is surface water  Only.003% is potable (drinkable)! www.iowastormwater.org

7. Air  50% of air pollutants in the US come from transportation  28% from burning fuels for electric and heat.

8. Fossil Fuels  Derived from plants that died millions of years ago, thus NON-RENEWABLE  Includes coal, oil and natural gas.

9. Coal  The most abundant fossil fuel.  Burned to produce electricity and for heating.  70% of coal burned in US is to create electricity. (Rest is used in manufacturing)

10. Coal  2/3 of coal mined in US is through surface mining, or strip mining.  Destroys surface. In US, companies now required to restore land. ($$) http://www.carlmaples.com/Arz_Strip_Mine.jpg

11. Coal  Air pollution is a major concern.  70% of sulfur dioxide emissions come from burning coal.  Many other air pollutants, including carbon dioxide are also released.  Carbon dioxide has been linked to the greenhouse effect. http://www.solcomhouse.com/Greenhouse_Effect.gif

12. Coal  Underground or Tunnel mining has an impact, too.  Acids and chemicals pollute waterways.  Abandoned mines collapse leading to land subsidence. http://www.bgr.bund.de/DE/Themen/Geoumweltschutz/Bilder/Umw__Geoumwelt__Bild__2__g,property=default.jpg http://www.imsif.com/images/whatis_sag.gif

13. Oil  63% of oil used in the US is for transportation.  25% industry  9% heating homes and businesses  3% generating electricity  Over 6,000 products come from oil: Plastics Fertilizers Pesticides Medicines Waxes Asphalt Natural gas Gasoline

14. Oil  Drilling occurs on land and in the ocean.  Spills can occur during the drilling process, while pumping it from the ground, and during transportation.  Hazardous waste: toxic chemicals, can burn, smothers organisms toxic chemicals, can burn, smothers organisms  Crude oil comes from the ground. It is then refined through fractional distillation Heated Vaporized Cooled Separated

15. Natural Gas  Methane and other gasses, including butane and propane.  41% of natural gas used in the US is for heating residences and businesses.  15% generates electricity  3% transportation

16. Natural Gas  Much less air pollution than coal and oil.  Burns hotter.  Easier to transport and use.  Least abundant of the fossil fuels.

17. Biodiversity  Richness and diversity of life on Earth  Certain species might be resources to humans –Use for agriculture, medicine, science, and enjoyment

18. Extinction  Complete loss of species of organism from Earth  5 major mass extinctions –65 million years ago—wiped out dinosaurs –Believed caused by catastrophic natural disasters  Volcanic eruptions Asteroid impacts  Outbreak of disease Changes in climate

19.  Belief that humans are causing sixth mass extinction –Result of:  Habitat destruction  Commercial hunting  Introduction of invasive species  Environmental degradation –As population increases, more land needed for:  Industry, housing, transportation, and agriculture

20.  Introduction of Invasive Species –Exotic or alien species introduced  Where not normally found –Cause destruction of ecosystems  Populations grow rapidly  Spread from lack of natural enemies –Plants, animals, fish, insects, and fungi (Chestnut Blight – Zebra Mussels) (Chestnut Blight – Zebra Mussels)

21. Emerald Ash Borer Larva

22.  Pollution of air, water, and soil –Destroys and depletes habitats  Industrial processes and consumption of natural resources  Production of energy  Only chance of survival for some species—captivity some species—captivity

23. The Endangered Species Act  Designed to protect endangered or threatened species –Endangered species  Organisms whose population has decreased  Immediate danger of becoming extinct –Threatened species  Numbers are declining  Saved if steps taken to protect

24. Wildlife Management  Planned use, protection, and control of wildlife  Specialists –Require very specific habitat requirements –Most susceptible (Pandas eat only specific type bamboo found in mountains of China) (Pandas eat only specific type bamboo found in mountains of China)  Techniques –Habitat improvement

25.  Establishing wildlife refuges & wilderness areas  Protected ecosystem  Contain only native species  Controlled hunting and fisheries management –Regulating seasons –Limits on size & number species harvested –Restocking –Protection of breeding grounds

26. Think About  What can you do to support and promote recycling?  What can you do to support and promote reusing?  What can you do to support and promote refusing (reducing)?  Why must we protect the Earth’s animal and plant species and resources?