1. Vital Signs

2. Vital Signs Homeostasis Vital Signs state of equilibrium
body functions essential to life
assessment of
pulse
respiration
blood pressure
temperature

3. The Pulse Pulse: Measures HR
Blood vessels expand & contract when heart beats
Reflects condition of CV system
Normal RHR = 60 to 100 bpm
Heart Facts

4. Pulse Sites Location of pulse sites: carotid artery (neck)
brachial artery (anterior elbow)
radial artery ( wrist)
femoral artery (inguinal)
popliteal (posterior knee)
dorsalis pedis (top of foot)
posterior tibial (medial ankle)

5. The Pulse Arrhythmias disorder of HR or rhythm
caused by malfunction of electrical system
Tachycardia
- RHR higher than 100 bpm
Bradycardia
- RHR below 60 bpm
3. Irregular
- uneven heartbeats or skipping of beats

6. The Pulse Rapid but weak pulse Rapid and strong Shock Dehydration
Heat exhaustion
Rapid and strong
Heat stroke
Hypertension (high blood pressure)

7. Circulatory System Blood Vessels tubes that transports blood
carries O2 and nutrients to all cells and tissues
carries CO2 and other wastes away from cells
body has approx 60,000 miles of blood vessels

8. Circulatory System Types of blood vessels Arteries & Arterioles
carry O2 blood away from heart to all body cells and tissues
Veins & Venules
carry deoxygenated blood to the heart from body cells
Capillaries
connects arterioles and venules
Blood Vessels

9. Human Heart Facts Facts Size of your fist Adult female – 8 oz
Adult male – 10 oz
Beats approximately 100,000 times a day
Pumps about 2,000 gallons of blood a day

10. Structures of the Heart
4 Chambers of the Heart
Atriums
Upper chambers (right & left)
Collects blood
Ventricles
Lower chambers (right and left)
Pumps blood
Septum
Wall that divides heart in right and left halves
Atrial and Ventricular septum

11. Dissected Heart

12. Heart Valves Heart Valves - keeps blood flowing in one direction
tricuspid valve
bicuspid valve (mitral)
aortic valve
pulmonary valve

13. Other Structures of the Heart
Chordae Tendinae
“strings” that open and close heart valves
Papillary Muscle
Mounds of muscle to which chordae tendinae attach
Pericardium
Fluid filled sac that surrounds the heart
Myocardium
Thick middle muscle layer

14. Locate the following: 1. right atrium 2. right ventricle 3
Locate the following: 1. right atrium 2. right ventricle 3. tricuspid valve 4. ventricular septum 5. left atrium 6. right atrium 7. papillary muscle 8. cordae tendinae

15. Major Blood Vessels of Heart
Aorta
Blood from heart to body
Pulmonary Artery
From heart to lungs
Pulmonary Vein
From lungs to heart
Vena Cavas
From body to heart
Coronary Artery
Supplies blood to heart muscle

16. Diagram of the Heart
Blood flow

18. Blood Pressure Blood Pressure Systolic (top #) Diastolic (bottom #)
pressure exerted by circulating blood against the walls of arteries
Systolic (top #)
ventricles contracting
Diastolic (bottom #)
ventricles relaxing
atriums contracting

19. Blood Pressure Normal – 120/80 Abnormal systolic:
below 100 or above140
Abnormal diastolic:
below 65 or above 90

20. Measuring Blood Pressure

21. Blood Pressure Hypertension Hypotension high blood pressure
indicator of cardiac problems and strokes
Hypotension
low blood pressure
could indicate shock, dehydration or internal bleeding

22. Respiration Respiration (breathing) Single respiration
brings O2 into body while taking CO2 out of body
Single respiration
one inspiration (in) and one expiration (out)

23. Respiration 15 years and older Well-trained athlete
15 to 20 breaths per minute
Well-trained athlete
6 to 8 breaths per minute

25. Abnormal Respiration in Athletes
Asthma
bronchial tubes constrict
wheezing sound
Bronchitis
inflammation of bronchial tubes
difficulty breathing
Fx or bruised ribs
painful to breath
fx could puncture a lung

26. Temperature Temperature internal body temp normal – 98.6º F abnormal
illness
heat exhaustion
heat stroke

27. Emergency Care Key to dealing with emergencies:
Establish and implement Emergency Action Plan (EAP)
Careful observation of athlete
Accurate measurement of vital signs
CPR
911

28. Assessments Assessment Visual observations include: deformities
evaluation of a patient’s physical condition
look, listen, touch (palpate)
Visual observations include:
deformities
discoloration
inability to function
incoherent

29. Types of Assessments Primary Survey Secondary Survey
examination to determine life threatening injuries
Performed 1st
If conscious, move to secondary survey
Secondary Survey
head to toe physical exam
pinpoint injury or condition
still could be emergency situation

30. Primary Survey Primary Survey A = airway B = breathing C = circulation
Not, open airway
Protect cervical spine
B = breathing
C = circulation
Assess pulse
No pulse? CPR and 911

32. Secondary Survey History Observation Palpation Special Tests
consciousness, MOI, symptoms
Observation
Looking for swelling, discoloration, deformities
Palpation
Touch and feel injured area
Special Tests
ROM, strength testing, specific tests

33. SOAP Notes Subjective Objective Assessment Plan
History and subjective info
What the athlete tells you
MOI, pain, symptoms
Objective
What you observe
Measurements and tests
Assessment
Likely diagnosis
Plan
Treatment plan
RICE, NSAIDS, rehab, ect….