1. Technology … Can It Save Us? - Toolbelt Evolution - J. A. Drake, P.E. Director, Technical Serivces Duke Energy Gas Transmission

2. The “Original” Toolbelt ASME B31.8 Gas Pipeline Code early 1950’s, defined standards for Design – Materials – Construction – Operations - Maintenance State of Technology in 1950 –Corrosion managed with CP –Tar based coatings applied over the ditch –Hydrostatic testing very new – not consistently applied –X grade materials achieved strength via chemistry –Manufacturing capabilities limited –TPD managed by depth of cover, line markers and ROW Code developer recognized limitation of technology and imprecise tools Addressed by embedding conservative safety factors –Ramped up safety factors in higher consequence areas to accommodate imprecise tools

3. Technology Evolved High pressure hydrostatic testing (1950’s) Materials technology Coating Technology In-Line Inspection – Direct Assessments (2000’s) - High frequency welding(1960’s) - Fracture mechanics – toughness (1990’s) - Controlled roIled steels – lower chemistry (1980) - Milled applied coatings - FBE 1980’s - Standards Res (1980’s) - Hi – Res (1990’s) - Slope deformation/Hi Res Dent (2000’s) - Crack Tools (liquids) (2000’s)

4. New Toolbelt ASME B31.8 IMP –Guidelines on maintenance & operations part of lifecycle –Provide clarity on threat criteria and tool applicability –Define threat classes, - Time Dependent, Time Independent, Stable – better tool deployment IC/EC - Better biocides, piggability in designs, high resolutions ILI, better coatings, DA SCC - Better understandings of drivers, FBE coatings, temperature controls Materials - Higher pressure testing, chemistry controls, continuous cast/ controlled rolled steels, fracture toughness, mill inpsection technology Construction - Better welding, NDT, coatings, Hydrostatic Testing, Post Construction ILI Third Party Damage/Outside Force - Puncture resistivity, fracture control, One Call System, Public Awareness Programs, Surveillance, ILI

5. Toolbelt Users Manual Safety performance statistics analysis defined: –Stress is not primary determinant in failure frequency –More rigorous practices more them compensated for less conservative safety factors No Silver bullets –Hammers and screws –Toolbelts diversity essential –Apply right/appropriate tool for this job –Multiple tools on single threat to address different dimensions or work as fabric/multiple layers IMP Standards provide guidance/clarity –In place on maintenance and operations –Working to update balance of lifecycle Rules have a role in ensuring practice in deployed –But over prescription has a downside Technology is a part of the solution –Continue to define gaps in the toolbelt But, effective applications is essential