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The Mighty Electron.

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Presentation on theme: "The Mighty Electron."— Presentation transcript:

1 The Mighty Electron

2 Electrons in Energy Levels
exist in one or more energy levels surrounding the nucleus

3 Energy levels 1st energy level holds up to 2 e-
2nd energy level holds up to 8 e- 3rd energy level holds up to up to 18 e- Valence electrons- number of electrons in outer level- this determines the chemical reactivity of the element! -Elements in the same family have similar chemical reactivities bc they have the same # of valence e-

4 Valence Electrons Valence electrons are organized according to vertical groups/families in the Periodic Table 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

5 Bohr Atomic Model Shows the # of p+ and n0 in the nucleus and e- in energy levels Which element is shown?

6 Lewis Dot Structure Shows the number of valence (outer) electrons Na

7 Octet Rule (does not apply to 1st energy level)
All elements are happy when they have 8 outer electrons (full outer shells) Ex. Aluminum (Al) has 13 protons, 14 neutrons and 13 electrons. There are 3 valence electrons in Al Al gives up those 3 electrons to be happy; this creates 10 electrons and 13 protons; Al has a +3 charge

8 Elements with 1, 2 or 3 outer electrons tend to “lose” or transfer their extra electrons to other elements when they bond together 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

9 Elements with 5, 6, or 7 outer electrons tend to gain electrons when they bond with other elements.
8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

10 Elements with 4 valence electrons may gain or lose electrons when bonding
8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

11 Ion Ion- an atom that has gained or lost electrons; has an overall charge Let’s look at Sodium (Na) 11p+ 11p+ 11e- loses 1 e- 10e- becomes an ion Na 1+

12 What ions do the following elements form?
Be O F Rb Ar Be+2 O-2 F-1 Rb+1 None


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