1. A habitat is where and organism lives
An ecosystem is all the living organisms in an area and all their interactions
Biodiversity- the variety of different species living in an area, ecosystem or habitat

2. The main types of ecosystems in the UK are:
Deciduous and coniferous woodland( deciduous plants- lose their leaves in the winter, coniferous plants do not)
Meadows
Grass land
moorland

3. Deciduous and coniferous woodland ( deciduous plants- lose their leaves in the winter, coniferous plants do not)
Deciduous woodlands can support more biodiversity as there is more light- plants on the ground can survive and invertebrates can eat the dead leaves

4. meadow Have high diversity as herbicides are not used on them
(herbicides- chemicals used to kill weeds)

5. Grassland

6. moorland Forms on acidic soils
This soil is peat, it is fibrous and made up of decayed vegetation
This soil is infertile
The plant heather grows well here because it is adapted to survive in the acidic soil

7. Behavioural adaptations
How an organism behaves to help them to survive eg. Hibernation due to less food and colder climates. Hibernation allows an animal to lower its body temperature for the winter.

8. Structural adaptations
How the organism has evolved to help it survive eg
Plant roots

9. Climate- the weather conditions over a large area, over time
Weather conditions-what the weather is like over an area: temperature, wind, rain sun etc
A micro climate is the climate of a small area within a larger area

10. Shelter belts
Man made shelter belts are grown the protect plants and soil from the wind. They are often used near the coast. The farmer is creating a micro climate

11. Urban heat island
Cities are warmer than the surrounding countryside

12. Hedgerows
Allow for more biodiversity and can create shelter from the wind.
Mice, and small animals live in them, insects breed on them.

13. Each link represents a trophic level
Producer
Primary consumer
Secondary consumer
Tertiary consumer

15. Pyramid of numbers- shows the number of organisms at each trophic level

16. Pyramid of biomass- shows the dry mass at each trophic level

17. Energy is lost at each trophic level as it is being used when the organism moves, excretes waste, respires and to keep its body temperature constant.
Farmers can reduce the energy lost by keeping animals warm and reducing the amount of movement they can make

18. ICT Animals and plants need to be kept in the correct conditions
Animals need enough ventilation, food, water and temperature
Plants need the right amount of carbon dioxide, water, temperature, nutrients and light intensity
All these conditions can be better monitored using ICT equipment- advantages- saves time, people do not need to work unsociable hours, machines can make adjustments quickly

19. Physical weathering
When rocks are broken up into smaller pieces by the effects of water, temperature and weather.
Rain may enter the rocks- this may freeze, causing the cracks to expand and the rock will break

20. Chemical weathering
When chemicals in the rocks react with other chemicals
Eg rain water is slightly acidic so reacts with rocks

21. Biological weathering
When animals and plants break up the rocks
Eg roots growing in rocks

22. Erosion- carrying the material formed by weathering away from that site
Decomposition- the settling of this eroded material

24. An ecosystem is all the living organisms in an area and all their interactions
A natural ecosystem has been established over time
An artificial ecosystem is controlled by humans

25. Transect line-is line across a habitat or part of a habitat
Transect line-is line across a habitat or part of a habitat. The number of organisms of each species can be observed and recorded at regular intervals along the transect.

26. Pooter- Used to collect insects
Pitfall trap-Used to collect insects, small amphibians and small reptiles (passive collecting)
Net -Used to collect airborne insects (active collecting)

27. soil
Sandy soil- does not hold moisture

28. Clay soil holds water and minerals is very fertile
Clay soil holds water and minerals is very fertile. It can become easily waterlogged and is difficult to dig through

29. Loam- made up of a mixture of components of soil, it hold water but drains easily

30. Soil is made up of clay, silt, sand and humus