2. How do legislatures, and politicians decide what laws or policies to make? Public Opinion Major Events Special Interest Groups Lobbyists

3. Before public policy can be made we have to first lets look at public opinion…. “I can only go as fast as the people will let me.” -FDR Public Opinion

4. -Public Opinion Generic term for what the majority of the public may believe about an issue—can be very misleading as a majority may represent only 51% Opinions about government officials, candidates, and issues -Often misleading Can manipulate questions to get the answers they want Public opinion is the generic term for what people think about the government, the leaders of our country, and the issues facing our government and leaders. Why should the government care about public opinion? Why should the government also be wary of public opinion?

5. What influences people’s opinions?? Family & Friends Media (Print and T.V.) Importance

6. Forming Opinions -Many Factors Influence Opinions -Mass Media TV, radio, newspapers, Internet Provides powerful images to the public -Public Officials Voters elect those they trust to public office – voice of the people -Special Interest Groups Persuade people to their point-of-view In what ways does the media shape public opinion? How can this be both positive and negative?

7. Measuring Opinion -Public Opinion Polls Individuals answer questions to see how the “general public” feels -Random Samples -poll methods where attempts are made to include a wide segment of the population in the poll Reflect the entire population -Effects of Polls Make public officials respond to what the people want Set the public agenda

8. The goal of interest groups and lobbyists is to persuade legislatures and office holders to enact public policies that will achieve their needs and goals. Public Policy -

9. Public Policy How individuals, interest groups and the media influence the actions of the government.

10. What is an interest group?

11.  An interest group is……  "An organization of people with shared ideas and attitudes who attempt to influence public policy."

12. Interest Groups -Interest Groups -a group of people who have similar interests or concerns about an issue Believe that by putting together time, money, and resources, they can influence decision-makers -Bias -term that refers to a one-sided opinion on an issue Interest groups usually biased -Impartial -having no opinion on an issue Why is it important in researching public opinion and the ideas of interest groups to recognize bias?

14. Types of Groups -Economic Groups Business Organizations Professional Associations Labor Unions -Particular Groups of People Ethnic – NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) Age – AARP (American Association of Retired Persons) Sex – NOW (National Organization of Women) -Particular Causes ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union) The American Association of Retired Persons is one of the most influential special interest groups in America? Why do you think this is?

15. What is the goal of a lobbyist?

16.  The goal of a lobbyist is as an activist usually paid by an interest group to promote their positions to legislatures.activist

17. Lobbying -Lobbying -the act of trying to influence people on behalf of an interest group Hired by interest groups to go to Congress and influence laws -Functions of Interest Groups Information Represent their members support certain candidates -Lobbyists work at all levels of government Interest groups hire people called lobbyists to influence Congressmen to pass laws on their behalf. Lobbyists’ most important job is to provide information about their interest group and support their members.

19. Regulation of Lobbying -Past activities of lobbyists have been questionable Congressmen taking bribes, people not getting their rights -government regulation -stop bribery -special interest groups -reporting lobbying activities -effects of Lobbying Have been successful historically of influencing legislation Because lobbying has not always been ethical, the government has passed laws to limit lobbyist’s power (especially through bribery of Congressmen).

21. Review Question Public opinion is influenced by which of the following factors: a. By many sources b. Mostly through advertising c. Almost completely by lobbyists d. Primarily by interest groups

22. Interest groups have been criticized for which of the following reasons listed below? a. For having too much influence b. Mostly by lobbyists c. For being disorganized d. For their refusal to hire lobbyists

23. Review Question Political action committees (PACs) were formed to do which of the following? a. allow interest groups to pay lobbyists b. allow interest groups to contribute money to candidates and campaigns c. assign volunteers to groups that need them d. fund mass media

24. Review Question Lobbyists work for which of the following groups? a. the public b. interest groups c. public officials d. the government

25. Review Question How are interest groups different from political parties? a. interest groups do not concentrate on influencing government policy and political parties do b. interest groups concentrate on influencing government policy and political parties concentrate on electing candidates c. interest groups use propaganda and political parties avoid using propaganda d. There is no difference between both interest groups and political parties

26. Review Question Which of the following would be considered a public interest group? a. a plumber’s union b. a lawyers’ association c. a committee for clean water d. a group dedicated to promoting motorcycle ownership

27. Review Question How are interest groups different from political parties? a. interest groups do not concentrate on influencing government policy and political parties do b. interest groups concentrate on influencing government policy and political parties concentrate on electing candidates c. interest groups use propaganda and political parties avoid using propaganda d. There is no difference between both interest groups and political parties