1. Lab 4-- Identification: Petromyzontiformes to Osteoglossiformes
Chestnut lamprey (Icthyomyzon castaneus)
Mooneye (Hiodon tergisus)

2. Wisconsin Fishes Ordivician 500 Cambrian 570 Silurian 425 Devonian 400
Carboniferous
345
Permian
280
Triassic
230
Jurassic
180
Cretaceous
135
Cenezoic
Hagfishes
Lampreys
Sharks
Rays
Chimaeras
Bichir
Sturgeons
Gars
Bowfin
Teleosts
Latimeria
Lungfish

3. Bad River
Menominee River
St. Croix River
Chippewa River
Wisconsin River
Wolf River
Fox River
Black River
Lake Winnebago
Wisconsin River
Mississippi River
Rock River

4. Petromyzontiformes - Petromyzontidae
41 species worldwide, 6 species found in Wisconsin
Sometimes parasitic
The sea lamprey contributed to the collapse of the Great Lakes lake trout fishery

5. Petromyzontiformes - Petromyzontidae
Sea lamprey
Petromyzon marinus
American brook lamprey
Lampetra appendix
Chestnut lamprey
Ichthyomyzon castaneus

6. American brook lamprey Sea lamprey Chestnut lamprey
WI DNR & Wisconsin Aquatic Gap Mapping Application
American brook lamprey
Sea lamprey
Chestnut lamprey

7. Acipenseriformes - Acipenseridae
23 species worldwide, 2 found in Wisconsin
Most species are endangered
Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso)
Feed on benthic invertebrates
Sought after gamefish
White sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) don’t have to know

8. Sturgeons (Acipenseridae)
Lake sturgeon
Acipenser fulvescens
Shovelnose sturgeon
Scaphirhynchus
platorynchus

9. Lake sturgeon Shovelnose sturgeon
WI DNR & Wisconsin Aquatic Gap Mapping Application
Lake sturgeon
Shovelnose sturgeon

10. Acipenseriformes - Polyodontidae
2 species worldwide
“A living plankton net”
Are listed as Threatened
Found only in Mississippi and Wisconsin rivers
Paddlefish (Polyodon spathula)

11. Paddlefish WI DNR & Wisconsin Aquatic Gap Mapping Application
Paddlefish

12. Lepisosteiformes - Lepisosteidae
Only 7 species worldwide, 2 found in Wisconsin
Piscivorous
Longnose gar (Lepistosteus osseus)
Shortnose gar (Lepistosteus platostomus)

13. Longnose gar Shortnose gar
WI DNR & Wisconsin Aquatic Gap Mapping Application
Longnose gar
Shortnose gar

14. Amiiformes - Amiidae Only 1 extant species (Amia calva) Cycloid scales
Voracious predators
Fairly widespread
Bowfin (Amia calva)

15. Bowfin WI DNR & Wisconsin Aquatic Gap Mapping Application
Bowfin

16. Clupeiformes - Clupeidae
330 species worldwide, 3 found in Wisconsin
Most are marine
Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus)
Gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum)

17. WI DNR & Wisconsin Aquatic Gap Mapping Application
Alewife
Gizzard shad

18. Anguilliformes - Anguillidae
Approximately 622 species, mostly marine
Only 1 species in Wisconsin (Anguilla rostrata)
American Eel (Anguilla rostrata)

20. American eel WI DNR & Wisconsin Aquatic Gap Mapping Application
American eel

21. Osteoglossiformes - Hiodontidae
Only representatives of Osteoglossiformes in Wisconsin
Mooneye (Hiodon tergisus)

22. Mooneye WI DNR & Wisconsin Aquatic Gap Mapping Application
Mooneye

23. Geographic Distributions
Mississippi River supports all the native primitive fishes
Most primitive fishes are primarily found in large bodies of water…why?

24. Why in the $#%* do we have to do all this writing in our fishes course?
Get lots of instruction on writing…not as much on scientific writing, what is the difference?
Importance of being able to express your thoughts, regardless of what career you choose
Research techniques are universal
If you go on in science, it is the only currency that matters? what do I mean by that?

25. Peer Review…? Criticism is important…”constructive criticism” is best!
Two types: Internal and External. Point of internal review is to make external review go well
When you are reviewing someone else’s work think how you would want to be reviewed…..You want to do the best job you can…but you don’t want to be yelled at to do it!
You are going to do this for each other

26. The paper process… Observation or idea Develop Hypothesis
It looks like every time we catch white suckers, we are sampling in a deeper portion of the stream…?
I wonder if the biomass of non-trout species is related to the biomass of trout species?
Develop Hypothesis
Hit the literature
What does everyone else have to say about this?

27. Where do you find information…
Web, Google and Google Scholar
Online Databases
Biological Abstracts
ISI Web of Science

28. Hypothesis Testing
An educated guess or prediction about an experiment, behavior, outcome, relationship etc.
Statistical Terms
The null hypothesis (H0)
fish growth 1 = fish growth 2
The alternative hypothesis (H1)
fish growth 1  fish growth 2

29. Structure of a scientific paper
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Methods – study site, data analyses
Results – graphs, tables analyses
Discussion
Literature Cited

30. Order you write a scientific paper
Results – start with a picture, tell your story
Discussion – what’s cool about your story, also relative to what other people found
Methods – what did you do to get your results
Introduction – background on what you found
Abstract – just the highlights
Title – make it work for your story
Literature Cited

31. Style Use active voice OK to write in the first person tense
We calculated fish condition (active)
Fish condition was calculated (passive)
OK to write in the first person tense
I hypothesized that water temperature would affect fish activity.
We measured fish abundance in a 50 m reach.

32. Citing References
Jaw opening velocity and depression of the lower jaw both
decrease* when largemouth bass are* fed to
satiation (Sass and Motta, 2002).
According to Roth and Kitchell (2002), selective predation
by fishes is* not the sole mechanism leading to the extirpation
of native orconectid crayfishes in northern Wisconsin lakes.
*Note: When referencing prior work, all verbs should be in the
present tense because you are quoting established knowledge

33. More writing techniques