1. Navigation NAU 102 Lesson 5

2. Chart Editions You must use the latest chart! Date and Edition Number are on the chart New editions issued due to many changes Current edition number – lower left 1 st Edition date – top center

3. Chart Editions

4. Chart Revisions Includes latest corrections Issued when out of stock Few, minor corrections A new edition not warranted Revision date (not number) printed near the current edition number.

5. Chart Revision Date

6. Chart Corrections ATON* moved/removed New ATON* established *ATON = Aid TO Navigation Things Change! Printing errors New hazards discovered

7. Chart Corrections Buy a new chart (expensive) Options: Corrections are promulgated through: Notices to Mariners Correct it yourself (tedious)

8. Notices to Mariners 1. Broadcast Notice to Mariners (radio) 2. Local Notice to Mariners (on line) 3. US Notice to Mariners (printed & on line)

9. Purpose of Notice to Mariners Provides information on newly established, changed, discontinued and deficient Aids to Navigation (ATON) Advises mariners of new hydrographic discoveries, changes in channels and information concerning the safety of navigation Safety of the navigation of vessels

10. Broadcast Notice to Mariners Broadcasts over USCG or U.S. Navy radio stations, typically VHF-FM & NAVTEX Reports navigational warnings with information on the safety of navigation (ice, derelicts, changes to Aids to Navigation, drifting mines and severe weather warnings)

11. Chart Requirements Requirements found in 33CFR-Part 164 Must have NOS or Army Corps of Engineers/River Authority marine charts for area to be transited Scale: Large enough and enough detail for safe navigation Corrections: Changes contained in all NTM that are reasonably available and applicable

12. Local Notice to Mariners Reports changes/deficiencies in ATON, channel depths, naval operations, regattas, new chart editions, menaces to navigation, danger areas, obstructions Includes any other information pertaining to waterways within each Coast Guard District Published and issued weekly or more often if needed No longer mailed in print form – available online only, download in PDF format

13. US Notice to Mariners Provides timely marine safety information Covers all US Government charts and publications such as Light Lists, US Coast Pilots, etc. Compiled from foreign notices to mariners, ship reports and cooperating observer reports as well as Local Notice to Mariners Provided in print form FREE Available on the internet

14. Chart Corrections www.nauticalcharts.noaa.gov Issued weekly Downloaded online Email subscription Corrections for charts / publications

15. Chart Corrections

18. Nautical Charts Before using a chart, always closely examine it.

19. Chart Title

20. Chart Information Important information is found in the chart Title Block Title of Chart (e.g. Chesapeake Bay Entrance) Publisher (e.g. NOAA) Projection (e.g. Mercator) Scale (e.g. 1:80,000) Tidal information

21. Chart Title

24. Chart Information Title Block (cont.) Sounding datum (e.g. Mean Lower Low Water) Reference for water depth Units of measure (e.g. feet) Vertical datum (e.g. High Water) Reference for height (bridges, etc.) Geodetic datum (e.g. WGS-84)

25. Chart Title

26. Chart Information Chart Notes Important information, such as: Local regulations Channel depth Cautions & Warnings Unusual conditions Can’t be shown by symbols/abbreviations Placed wherever they’ll best fit

27. Chart Notes

28. Chart Information Distance Usually in nautical miles Measured using latitude scale (mercator) Sometimes measured using graphic scale Sometimes in statute miles (rivers) Or, kilometers (foreign)

29. Chart Information Latitude – marked on sides of chart Longitude – marked on top and bottom Degrees, minutes and tenths of minutes Divisions depend on scale Large Scale = Small Scale = degrees and minutes Degrees, minutes and seconds, or

30. Chart Information

31. Always check the divisions!

32. Chart Information Latitude – North is always up. North of the equator – latitude increases going up. South of the equator – latitude increases going down.

33. Chart Information Longitude – West is always to left. West longitude – longitude increases going left. East longitude – longitude increases going right.

34. Chart Information Direction Measured on Compass Rose Outer circle = true direction Inner circle = magnetic direction

35. Chart Information Color Very important! Shows depth of water, shoal area, etc. Varies chart to chart Magenta is used vice red. Highlights navigation hazards

36. Chart Information Lettering Style & font communicate information Vertical letters (roman type) = always dry Italics = submerged & floating

37. Chart No. 1 Privately Published based on NOS and NGA information Shows all symbols used on charts Available at NOAA web site Nautical Symbols, Abbreviations and Terms

38. Chart No. 1

45. Contour Lines Connect points of equal depth.

46. Chart No. 1

50. Introduction to Navigation Questions?