1. Cryptographic Anonymity Project Alan Le
Image Steganography
Cryptographic Anonymity Project
Alan Le

2. A little background
Steganography originates from historical times. (invisible ink as an example)
Steganography is the practice of concealing secret data in non-secret data. The “carrier” should look unsuspicious.
Data like audio, text, or video, can be hidden in most file formats if the carrier size is large enough.

3. Project Goals Learn more about Steganography in general
Implement some sort of Image Steganography program (LSB method)
Learn about how it applies to anonymity and how effective it is
Find out what steganalysis is about

4. Basic LSB Steganography Implementation
My program can encode a text message in a BMP file and decode it later to retrieve the text.
I used a C++ library called EasyBMP to process BMP files
My algorithm stores one byte in the least significant bits of two pixels (one bit for each RGBA component). Places each byte sequentially from the first pixel (top left corner).
Currently only works with BMP. BMP files were easier to transform than other image formats, like JPEG.

5. Demo

6. Steganalysis
Detecting hidden messages is easiest when you have the original image for comparison.
For other cases, various kinds of statistical analysis can be used to detect steganography, such as RS analysis, Sample Pairs analysis, Chi Square analysis.

7. Steganography in Anonymity context
Hiding messages in carrier files doesn’t necessarily give anonymity. An attacker can still see that files are being sent between users
Combining Steganography with encryption and other anonymity protocols we’ve discussed in class can be great for privacy
LSB Steganography is pretty easy to detect nowadays. (it was more useful in the past). More complex Stenographic methods can be useful to avoid detection.

8. Conclusion I learned a lot about Steganography in my research.
For future work, I would add more features to my implementation, namely steganalysis for other kinds of secret messages, more format support (PNG, JPEG, MP3), different embedding techniques, obfuscation/encryption

9. Literature Sources
Fridrich, J., Goljan, M., & Du, R. (n.d.). Detecting LSB steganography in color, and gray-scale images. IEEE Multimedia, 22-28.
Ker, A. (2004). Quantitative evaluation of pairs and RS steganalysis. Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VI.
Rodriguez, B., Peterson, G., & Bauer, K. (n.d.). Fusion of Steganalysis Systems Using Bayesian Model Averaging. IFIP — The International Federation for Information Processing Advances in Digital Forensics IV, 
El_Rahman, S. (2015). A Comprehensive Image Steganography Tool using LSB Scheme. International Journal of Image, Graphics and Signal Processing IJIGSP, 10-18.
Newman, R., Moskowitz, I., Chang, L., & Brahmadesam, M. (2002). A Steganographic Embedding Undetectable by JPEG Compatibility Steganalysis. Information Hiding Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 
Boehm, B. (2014). StegExpose - A Tool for Detecting LSB Steganography.
Westfeld, A., & Pfitzmann, A. (n.d.). Attacks on Steganographic Systems. Information Hiding Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 61-76.
Macklin, P. EasyBMP.
Fridrich, J., Goljan, M., & Du, R. (n.d.). Reliable detection of LSB steganography in color and grayscale images. Proceedings of the 2001 Workshop on Multimedia and Security New Challenges - MM&Sec '01.