1. Distinguish between the functions of red marrow and yellow marrow.
Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 57
Topic: 7.1 Functions of bone
Essential Question:
Distinguish between the functions of red marrow and yellow marrow.
7.1 Bone Function
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Distinguish between the functions of red marrow and yellow marrow.

2. Skeletal System
Bones may appear to be non-living, but bone contains very active, living tissues
Bone tissue
Cartilage
Dense connective tissue
Blood
Nervous tissue

3. On p. 57 Tree Map of functions of bone
Skeletal System:
Functions of Bone
Support
Protection
Movement
Blood cell formation
Inorganic Salt Storage

4. Support/Framework
Give shape to head, face, thorax (chest), and limbs
Bones of lower limbs, pelvis, and vertebral column support the body’s weight

5. Protection
Skull protects eyes, ears, and brain
Ribs cage protects heart and lungs
Pelvic girdle protects reproductive organs

6. Movement
Provide points of attachment for muscles

7. Blood cell formation
Hematopoiesis (he-mă-tō-poi-ē-sis): process of blood cell formation that occurs in the bone marrow
Red marrow: forms RBC, WBC, and platelets
Yellow marrow: stores fat and is inactive in blood cell production
In cases of severe blood loss, the body can convert yellow marrow back to red marrow to increase blood cell production.

8. Inorganic Salt Storage
The salts account for 70% of the extracellular matrix of bone tissue by weight
Body requires calcium for blood clot formation
Osteoporosis- loss of bone mass and mineral content
Bones develop spaces and canals
Enlarge and fill with fatty tissue
No longer able to support body weight
Easily fracture
Associated with aging

9. Clinical Application 7.1 Classwork/Homework
Read Clinical App 7.1 on fractures
Answer and HIGHLIGHT the answers in your reading as a way to cite your evidence

10. Body Story: Breaking Down 1m28-24m45s

11. GET OUT CLINICAL APP. HW FROM YESTERDAY
Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 59 Topic: 7.1 Bone Classification Essential Question: What is the major difference between osteoblasts and osteoclasts?
7.1 Bone Classification
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
What is the major difference between osteoblasts and osteoclasts?
GET OUT CLINICAL APP. HW FROM YESTERDAY

12. Bone Classification Sheet
Send someone up for your bone classification sheet
Make sure you include a description of the parts
Include examples of bones

13. Bone Structure: Bone Classification
Bones are classified according to their shapes:
A. Long bones have long longitudinal axes and expanded ends.
Ex: the femur
B. Short bones are cube-like, lengths and widths roughly equal
Ex: wrist and ankle bones

14. C. Flat bones are plate-like structures with broad surfaces.
Ex: the ribs, scapulae, and some bones of the skull
D. Irregular bones have a variety of shapes. Ex: the vertebrae and many facial bones

15. E. Round (sesamoid) bones These bones are small and nodular and imbedded within tendons adjacent to joints.
Ex: The patella

16. Structure v. Function A bone’s shape makes its functions possible:
Bony projections called processes, provide sites for attachments of ligaments and tendons
Grooves and openings are passageways for blood vessels and nerves
A depression in one bone might articulate with the process of another.

17. Parts of a Long Bone (Back of handout)
Make sure you label AND give a description of the parts and/or function

18. Please add
Label your long bone

19. Bone Structure: Parts of a long bone
Epiphysis (ĕ-pif-ĭ-sees)- an expanded portion of bone found at the end of a long bone
Forms a joint with another bone
Red bone marrow found here
Diaphysis (dī-af’-ĭ-sis)- the shaft of the bone
Yellow bone marrow found here

20. Periosteum (per-ē-os-te-um)- a tough, vascular covering of fibrous tissue
Firmly attached to bone
Help form and repair bone tissue

21. Spongy bone-
Filled with spaces
reduces the weight of bone
Spaces contain red marrow
Found in the epiphyses
Strong and resistant to bending
Cells NOT collected near a central canal

22. Trabeculae (trah-bek-ū-le) the many branching bony plates within the spongy bone

23. Canaliculi (can-ă-lic-ū-lī) Small channels where nutritional substances diffuse to the bone cells
lead to the surface of the trabeculae

24. Spongy bone (w/ marrow)- microscopic
Red Marrow
Spongy bone

25. Bone Structure Compact bone- Tightly packed bone tissue with no gaps
Found in the wall of the diaphysis and in thin layers above spongy bone
Strong and resistant to bending

26. Compact bone is made of osteons cemented together by bone matrix
Osteons-Cylinder-shaped unit containing osteocytes that surround a central canal
Osteocytes- bone cells

27. Central Canal- contains blood vessels and nerve fibers
Ensures that every bone is close to a nutrient supply

28. Medullary cavity- hollow chamber in a semi-rigid tube within compact bone
Continuous with the spaces of the spongy bone
Endosteum thin layer of tissue that lines the Medullary cavity which contain bone-forming cells
Marrow- filled with yellow marrow

29. Compact bone- microscope

30. P. 59 Bone Formation Osteoblasts: “Bone formers” cells
Will eventually become osteocytes
Osteoclasts: “Bone destroyers”
Resorb bone material

31. Bone Remodeling
Bone remodeling: Osteoclasts destroy bone tissue, while osteoblasts replace tissue
Important so that total mass of bone remains constant
Completely new skeleton about every 10 years!
Slows as we age
i.e. osteoporosis

32. Fun Fact!!!
Astronauts experience a one percent loss of bone mass per month in space
Under microgravity conditions:
Osteoclast activity increases
Osteoblast activity decreases
Greater loss of spongy bone than compact bone
Astronauts could have 50% bone loss occurrence on a several-year long space flight

33. Bone Growth and Development
The skeleton starts forming during the first two weeks of prenatal development, and bones continue to grow into adulthood.

34. Bone Growth and Development
Bones form by replacing connective tissue in one of two ways:
1. Intramembranous bones originate within sheet-like layers of connective tissues.
Ex: Skull bones, clavicle, and mandible are intramembranous bones

35. Bone Growth and Development
2. Endochondral bones begin as masses of cartilage that are later replaced by bone tissue. Most of your bones are endochondral
Ossification- formation of cartilage into bone

36. Skeletal Function and Classification 30s-3m

37. P. 58 Clinical Application 7.2 Classwork/Homework
Read Clinical App 7.2 on Osteoporosis
Answer and HIGHLIGHT the answers in your reading as a way to cite your evidence
Read/highlight article on back