1. Gabrielle Notorgiacomo Biomedical Engineering WISE Summer 2015 Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cincinnati Mentor: Dr. Fred Beyette Jr. Effect of Caffeine on Event Related Potentials Procedure Development 1

2. Background EEG- “An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a test that detects electrical activity in your brain using small, flat metal discs (electrodes) attached to your scalp.” –Mayo Clinic 2 (Barad, 2007)

3. Background What is an event related potential (ERP)? –Averaged waveform of response to stimulus or event –Epoch – selected period of time to be analyzed Measured Voltage (µV) Common Stimulus Rare Stimulus Luck, S. J. (2014). An introduction to the event-related potential technique. MIT press. 3

4. Background Peak latency – time between stimulus presentation and ERP –Shift can indicate change in mental state (Kadambi, 2014) 4 Sleep Dep. Control State Caffeine Peak Latency Shift (ms) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 Average Peak Latency Across Experimental States

5. Purpose: Lab Worker Safety –Portable electroencephalograph (EEG) device Firemen helmets for real-time fatigue detection Casualties due to stress, sleep deprivation, and physical exertion Causes of Firefighter Fatalities 2010 (Kadambi, 2014) 5

6. Individual Goal Protocol development –Caffeine research –Protocol documentation (IRB) –Testing schedule 6 DrinkFluid ozSugar (g)Caffeine (mg)Supplements (*abridged) Red Bull8.42780Taurine, B-group vitamins 5 hr energy1.93not listed200B-group vitamins, taurine, etc Monster1654160 B-group vitamins, taurine, panax ginseng, guarana, etc Coke123934 phosphoric acid Diet Coke12045 Aspartame, phosphoric acid, citric acid, potassium benzoate Starbucks DoubleShot Espresso 6.518128 panax ginseng root extract, inositol, sodium ascorbate, guarana, etc Lipton Black Tea 8055none

7. The Institutional Review Board (IRB) Pending Approval Protocol development and in-house study within Dr. Beyette’s lab Process 7

8. Methods: Population ~30 UC undergraduate students 18 or older –Preliminary study parameter –Generally healthy, any gender Cannot be: –A student of Dr. Beyette’s  vulnerable population –Pregnant –Diagnosed with: health conditions related to consumption of caffeine or sugar, skin sensitivity to sodium chloride based conductive gels, medical sleep disorder, or serious heart conditions –A metallic cranial implant(s) patient –Hearing impaired –On sedative or psychotropic medications –Known to have a neurological condition including history of stroke, epilepsy, pseudoseizures, or severe traumatic brain injury 8 HELP WANTED

9. Methods: Development Determine testing period length –Decided to simulate typical ERP studies Research drinks’ caffeine contents and other ingredients that may interfere –Decided that caffeine content was most important factor; fluid ounces and energy supplements also investigated –Starbucks Doubleshot Espresso chosen (small volume, safe yet high caffeine content) 9

10. (Kadambi et al., 2013) 10-20 system for electrodes Methods: Protocol Day one: –Apply EEG cap according to standard 10-20 system –Audio test for baseline data sample (control) –Caffeinated drink (independent variable) and next audio test –Peak latency shift (dependent variable) Day two- verification 10

11. Results- Data Example: Raw Data Time (ms) 11

12. Discussion Possible sources of error –Motion artifacts: blinking, fidgeting –Individualized reactions to caffeine: can cause fidgeting –Sleep irregularities –Outside stimuli: changes in light, environmental sounds 12 http://www.eplimited.com/artifact.htm

13. Conclusions The data collected using this procedure would be useable in an actual experiment. This procedure is an effective means to later verify the preliminary study statistically. 13

14. Future Work IRB approval and recruitment Perform experiment (Kadambi et al., 2013) Combine with previous results Design fatigue detection software Implement in portable EEG –Also needs testing 14

15. Acknowledgements Protégé Program Dr. James Boerio – Program Director WISE Program Dr. Urmila Ghia - Program Director Dr. Fred Beyette - Principal Investigator Joe Lovelace - Study Coordinator 15

16. WISE Influence 16

17. Questions? Thank you for your time and consideration! 17