2. Experience from large helium inventory management at CERN ILC Cryogenics and Helium inventory meeting CERN, Wed. 18 th of June 2014 D. Delikaris Technology Department, Cryogenics Group CERN Experience from large helium inventory management at CERN, ILC Cryogenics and helium inventory meeting, D. Delikaris, CERN, 18 06 2014

3. Agenda Cryogenic power & plants at CERN (helium) The LHC helium cryogenic system Management of cryogen at CERN Helium and Nitrogen storage LHC helium storage and distribution LHC accelerator helium inventory Helium supply at CERN LHC accelerator helium experience from Run 1 Nitrogen supply at CERN Summary Experience from large helium inventory management at CERN, ILC Cryogenics and helium inventory meeting, D. Delikaris, CERN, 18 06 2014

4. Cryogenic power at CERN “250 W/W = 55 MW ” kW Year Experience from large helium inventory management at CERN, ILC Cryogenics and helium inventory meeting, D. Delikaris, CERN, 18 06 2014

5. Cryogenic plants at CERN Geneva’s airport Experience from large helium inventory management at CERN, ILC Cryogenics and helium inventory meeting, D. Delikaris, CERN, 18 06 2014 Our visit tomorrow

6. Experience from large helium inventory management at CERN, ILC Cryogenics and helium inventory meeting, D. Delikaris, CERN, 18 06 2014 The LHC cryogenic system

7. Management of cryogen HELIUM inventory at CERN: 170 t LHC (accelerator & detectors) helium full inventory: 136 t (130 t + 6 t respectively) LHC accelerator additional strategic permanent storage during operation: 20 t LIQUID NITROGEN needs for LHC: 11’500 t (LHC accelerator full cool down requests 10’000 t over one month; equivalent to 500 standard transportable containers delivered by industrial suppliers) In situ helium liquefaction for central services (up to 350’000 liter per year) and distribution by means of mobile containers ranging from 100 to 2’000 liter (users without dedicated cryogenic plant) Experience from large helium inventory management at CERN, ILC Cryogenics and helium inventory meeting, D. Delikaris, CERN, 18 06 2014

8. Helium & Nitrogen storage Experience from large helium inventory management at CERN, ILC Cryogenics and helium inventory meeting, D. Delikaris, CERN, 18 06 2014 RISK ANALYSIS OF LHC LIQUID HELIUM STORAGE SYSTEM LHC Project Document No. LHC-SQD-ES-0001 ver. 2

9. LHC Helium storage & Distribution (high grade helium ring line, 2 MPa, 27 km long, for LHC operation) [Completing the existing CERN helium recovery system: high grade, 20 MPa, 5 km long and low grade, 3 kPa & 20 MPa, 3 km long each] LHC helium storage & distribution Experience from large helium inventory management at CERN, ILC Cryogenics and helium inventory meeting, D. Delikaris, CERN, 18 06 2014 LHC helium Gas 80 m 3 (at 1.5 and 2.1 MPa) Gas 250 m 3 (at 2.1 MPa) Quench buffer* Make-up Liquid storage, 120’000 liter *No recovery compressors & high pressure purification systems Video

10. Experience from large helium inventory management at CERN, ILC Cryogenics and helium inventory meeting, D. Delikaris, CERN, 18 06 2014 LHC accelerator helium inventory 130 t During steady state operation of the accelerator: 87 t (helium II) contained in the helium vessels of the sc magnets 40 t in the distribution and recovery lines 3 t in the cryogenic plants Additional strategic liquid helium storage at CERN premises: 20 t Overall LHC helium Inventory:130 t + 20 t = 150 t Storage capacity (surface premises) with respect to the Inventory (strategic storage not included, present only during operation): 45 t (gas) in 80 m 3 (at 1.5 and 2.1 MPa) & 250 m 3 (at 2.1 MPa) 90 t (liquid) in 120’000 l horizontal tanks (not equipped with permanent re- liquefiers; project on-going); CERN introduced the concept of “virtual storage” at industrial suppliers premises for bridging the gap between the 130 t of inventory and the long term storage capacity in the liquid tanks

11. Helium supply at CERN Experience from large helium inventory management at CERN, ILC Cryogenics and helium inventory meeting, D. Delikaris, CERN, 18 06 2014

12. LHC accelerator helium experience Experience from large helium inventory management at CERN, ILC Cryogenics and helium inventory meeting, D. Delikaris, CERN, 18 06 2014

13. Nitrogen supply at CERN Experience from large helium inventory management at CERN, ILC Cryogenics and helium inventory meeting, D. Delikaris, CERN, 18 06 2014

14. Summary Warm compressor stations & helium storage (gas/liquid) infrastructure all located at surface premises; long distances for HP/LP interconnections not an issue Liquid nitrogen not allowed in the underground facilities Procurement and management of very large cryogen inventory: Helium procurement strategy: combination of multi- industrial suppliers & multi-sourcing approach (2 suppliers, access to 5 sources world-wide) Nitrogen procurement strategy: secure logistics by multi- industrial suppliers approach implemented (3 suppliers) Experience from large helium inventory management at CERN, ILC Cryogenics and helium inventory meeting, D. Delikaris, CERN, 18 06 2014

15. Thank you for your attention Experience from large helium inventory management at CERN, ILC Cryogenics and helium inventory meeting, D. Delikaris, CERN, 18 06 2014

17. Helium recovery & purification (non- LHC cryogenic facilities) Helium (kg) Year Experience from large helium inventory management at CERN, ILC Cryogenics and helium inventory meeting, D. Delikaris, CERN, 18 06 2014