1. MATTER
What is it?

2. Matter: anything with mass (weight) and volume (space)
Matter – What Is It?
Matter: anything with mass (weight) and volume (space)
Volume: amount of space an object occupies
Mass: amount of matter in an object;
- does not depend on gravity

3. Mass, Volume and Weight Weight: depends on gravity
EVERYTHING is matter; matter is EVERYTHING.

4. What is Matter Made Up Of?
Matter is made up of very tiny, microscopic particles called atoms.
Atoms are the smallest part of all matter- even though they are small, they have mass and take up space
Doesn’t matter how big or how small, everything is made up matter…
Let’s explore the Scale of the Universe

5. How small are atoms?

6. Molecules and Particles
When two or more atoms combine, they form a molecule, which are also known as particles
Most molecules are made of two or more atoms
A molecule is the smallest particle of a substance with the same properties of the substance.
Water molecule aka “Mickey Mouse” molecule

7. STATES OF MATTER States of matter are based upon:
particle or molecular arrangement
energy of particles
distance between particles
Also known as phase changes

8. The Four States of Matter
Four states of matter exist:
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
We will discuss the first three at this time.

9. SOLIDS STATES of MATTER particles of solids are tightly packed,
vibrate about a fixed position,
particles are locked into place; little free space between particles
not easily compressible
solids have a definite shape and a definite volume
do not flow easily
particle cannot move/slide past one another
Ex. Ice, wood, rocks

10. STATES of MATTER LIQUIDS Particles of liquids are tightly packed,
but are far enough apart to move/ slide over one another (pourable)
flows easily
liquids have an indefinite shape – take shape of container
and a definite volume.
Not easily compressible
Ex. water, oil and honey

11. STATES of MATTER GAS particles of gases are very far apart
particles move freely past one another
gases have an indefinite shape ; take shape of container
have indefinite volume
are compressible
lots of free space between particles
Ex. water vapor, air, helium

12. Thermal Energy
What is Thermal Energy? A type of kinetic energy resulting from heat (particles moving faster or slower) Three types of thermal energy: convection, conduction and radiation

13. Temperature
Temperature The amount of kinetic (moving) energy of the particles in a substance (solid, liquid, gas) - Not how hot or cold something is…..

14. Phase Changes

15. Description of Phase Change
PHASE CHANGES
Description of Phase Change
Term for Phase Change
Heat Movement During
Phase Change
Solid to Melting Heat goes into
liquid the solid
as it melts
Liquid to Freezing Heat leaves
Solid the liquid as
it freezes

16. Description of Phase Change
PHASE CHANGES
Description of Phase Change
Term for Phase Change
Heat Movement During
Phase Change
liquid to Vaporization Heat goes into the
gas which includes liquid as it vaporizes
boiling &
evaporation
gas to Condensation Heat leaves
liquid as it condenses
solid to Sublimation Heat goes into the
gas solid as it sublimates

18. Thermal Energy
What is Thermal Energy? A type of kinetic energy resulting from heat (particles moving faster or slower) Three types of thermal energy: convection, conduction and radiation

19. States of Matter Change
Melting
Solid to a liquid (gains thermal energy)
Ex.
- Cheese melting on pizza (~250°F)
- Ice melts at greater than 32°F
- Rocks turning to molten magma (above ~1200°F)

20. States of Matter Change
Vaporization
Liquid to a gas (gain thermal energy)
For water this occurs at 212F/100 C and turns into water vapor
Other liquids have different vaporization points
Evaporation
Occurs on the surface of a liquid
Ex. Puddles dry after storm

21. States of Matter Change
Condensation
When gas turns to a liquid
(loss of thermal energy)
Ex.
Cold drink in glass on hot day
Coke Can
Cloud Formation
Ice pack

22. States of Matter Change
Freezing
Liquid to a solid (loss of thermal energy)
Ex.
Water freezing into cubes
Freezing Rain

24. States of Matter Change
Sublimation
Solid turns to a gas
(an enormous amount of energy must be absorbed by solid)
Ex. Dry ice or CO2 (Carbon Dioxide)

25. Phase Change Diagram Water – Freezing Point – 32°F
Boiling Point – 212°F

26. Insulators and Conductors
Heat Transfer Heat transfer occurs when heat moves from hot object to cold object. [Draw a picture that shows how heat transfer from hot to cold]

27. Thermal Insulators
Thermal Insulators Objects or substances that prevent or slow down heat transfer
Thermal Insulators
Cotton
Fleece
Feathers (down pillows and jackets)
Styrofoam
Plastic
Wood

28. Thermal Conductors
Thermal Conductors Materials that allow or increase heat transfer or substance that are poor
Thermal Conductors
Iron
Copper
Water