1. Senegal Dairy Genetics project: Work package 2 update Karen Marshall FoodAfrica annual workshop, Kampala, Uganda 27-28 January 2014

2. Work package partners & objectives ILRI, EISMV, HU, MTT, project farmers To identify and promote utilisation of the most appropriate dairy breed- types for more productive and profitable dairy enterprises in selected production systems in Senegal

3. Major activities 2013 1. Breed comparison  Socio-economic study: gendered  Major field component, 18 month monitoring  Breed-type determined through genetic analysis  2 sites: region of Thies and department of Mbacké (Touba) 2. Analysis of policies on dairy, particularly germplasm production and delivery systems 3. Capacity building

4. Breed comparison: project sites

5. Field staff recruitment: 2 female and 4 male, mobilised by motorbikes (due to cultural / religious reasons could not place female staff at Touba) Project sensitization in sites Survey to identify suitable dairy households: 623 households surveyed,288 identified as suitable (difficult to locate households as no complete list; lower number of cross-breeds than expected) Recruitment of 259 dairy households into project: individual visits plus small group workshops; given project leaflet and signed consent Project launch events (n=3): 135 male and 74 female participants, as individual dairy farmers and 11 organisations Activities January to April 2013 Breed comparison: initiation

6. Project field staff Thies site Célestin Muyeneza (MSc in animal production, University of Dakar) Ndeye Racky Ndiaye (MSc in population genetics, University of Dakar) Touba site Mame Diara Ndiaye (Doctor of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dakar) Mamadou Lo (Doctor of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dakar) Sene Moudou (Diploma of Livestock Production, CNFTEIA, St Louis) Elhadji Sow (final year DVM, University of Dakar)

7. Farmer sensitisation activities

8. Project launch events National & site level launch at ThiesMinisters representative Site level launch at Touba

9. Baseline survey: two survey tools – household head and adult female (259 households) (due to religious reasons unable to interview females in some households) Longitudinal survey round 1: socio-economic + individual animal data; animals ear-tagged; each staff attached to ~40 households (virtual ear tags used when farmers did not allow tagging; ‘transhumant’ survey developed) Longitudinal survey round 2: socio-economic + milk yield. Farmers trained in use of recording sheets and milk measuring ( procurement difficulties for field equipment, esp. milk jugs) Longitudinal survey round 3: socio-economic + milk yield (241 households) (implemented automated animal identification system in database; recapture of missing / incorrect data) Activities April to December 2013 Breed comparison: socio-economic data

10. Ear tags Project animals number 3100 with 670 lactating females, 105 different breed-types ( Dec 2013)

11. Field staff working with project dairy farmers

12. Type of information collected on dairy households Continual recording for 18 month+ period Costs Labour Feed + water Health-care Housing Mating Marketing Replacement animals Equipment Co-operative fees Benefits Milk & milk products: sold or consumed Manure Sale of dairy animals Sale of sire services Animal & herd level Animal information: breed, age, parity, last calving date, mating date, pregnancy status, date of birth, dry-off date Milk records Entries into herd: births, purchase etc. Exits from herd: deaths, sale etc.

13. Example survey table Gendered information on all costs + benefits

14. Milk measuring

15. Body condition score: collected on all lactating females in selected survey rounds Milk quality (protein and fat): obtained on 310 animals using field-based milk analyser Body weights and body measurements Hair samples for DNA analysis and subsequent breed composition: first 104 samples genotyped Activities June to December 2013 Breed comparison: other data

16. Milk quality

17. Weights and body measurements

18. … but not always so easy

19. DNA samples

20. Preliminary SNP analysis results 104 animals: clusters represent the different breed-types

21. Data mana Management of field data Each field staff enters own survey data into CSPRO data entry interface Project database manager, in Senegal Data collation, data checking, back-up Recollection of missing / erroneous data MySQL database User accessFarmer reports

22. Policy analysis  Generated via desk-top review combined with key informant interviews (in progress)

23. Capacity building: project farmers Use of recording sheets, milk measurements Domestic biogas, with Heifer International Senegal  9 training events  146 female and 366 male farmers Farmer biogas training

24. Capacity building: field staff Survey implementation + data -entry  4 training events of 5 days  Trained by ILRI and EISMV staff Professor Missohou from EISMV supporting training of field staff

25. Capacity building: students ProgramCountryGender PhDCameroonMale PhD (attachment) NigeriaFemale MastersBeninMale MastersFinlandFemale DMV thesis component SenegalMale

26. Main challenges 2013  Unable to establish ILRI hosting arrangement in Senegal  High number of project activities (to compensate for time lost due to project relocation)  Large volume of project data … but excellent project team (n=23) & project partner relations

27. 2014 work-plan  Completion of field-work (longitudinal surveys + DNA sampling)  Analysis of survey data  Household clustering  Breed assignment to individual animals + clustering  Estimate of cost & benefits for each breed x household cluster (dependant on group size)  Socio-economic breed comparison  Further farmer trainings combined with feedback workshops  Policy and value-chain analysis  Support to project students  Additional activities e.g. aflatoxin & brucellosis testing, feed analysis

28. FoodAfrica supervisory board visit to project site http://senegaldairy.wordpress.com/