1. IN THE NAME OF ALLAH

2. The Skull 5

3. Interior of the skull

4. Inferior aspect of the skull cap a
Sutures
Frontal crest
Vascular grooves for branches of the middle meningeal artery
Granular Foveolae- pits formed by arachnoid granulations (site of CSF transfer)
Groove for the superior sagittal sinus-large venous channel within the dura mater
Diploe- cancellous bone containing red marrow
Groove for superior
sagittal sinus
Grooves for
middle
meningeal
artery
Diploe
Granular
foveolae

6. Cranial Base
Internal part of the cranial base is divided into three major regions or fossae:
Anterior cranial fossa
Middle cranial fossa
Posterior cranial fossa
These three fossae lie at different levels
Anterior cranial fossa
Middle cranial fossa
Posterior cranial fossa

10. Anterior Cranial Fossa
Ethmoid
Fossa is formed by the:
Orbital part of the frontal bone
Ethmoid bone in the middle
Body and Lesser wing of the sphenoid
Orbital portion of
the frontal bone
Lesser wing of
the sphenoid

11. Anterior Cranial Fossa
Frontal crest- a median bony extension from the frontal bone
Foramen cecum is located at the base of the crest
Crista galli- ridge of bone projecting superiorly from the ethmoid bone and serves as the attachment for the cerebral falx
Sphenoid (jugum)
Frontal crest
Crista
galli
Foramen cecum

12. Anterior Cranial Fossa
Cribriform plate for passage of the olfactory axons into the cranial cavity
Optic canal for passage of the optic nerve (CN II) and the ophthalmic artery
Cribriform plate
Optic canal

13. Middle Cranial Fossa Fossa is formed by the:
Greater wing of the sphenoid
Squamous part of the temporal bone
Petrous part of the temporal bone
Greater wing
of sphenoid
Squamous
portion temporal
bone
Petrous portion
temporal bone

14. Middle Cranial Fossa
Sella turcica- the saddle-like bony formation located on the superior aspect of the body of the sphenoid
Sella turcica is surrounded by anterior & posterior clinoid processes
Sella
turcica
Anterior and
Posterior clinoids

15. Middle Cranial Fossa Sella turcica is composed of three parts:
Hypophyseal fossa
Tuberculum sellae
Dorsum sellae
Sella turcica is composed of three parts:
Hypophyseal fossa (pituitary fossa)
Tuberculum sellae (saddle horn)
Dorsum Sellae (back of the saddle)
Sella turcica- essentially houses and guards the pituitary gland

16. Middle Cranial Fossa
Middle cranial fossa presents five important foramina:
Superior orbital fissure for passage of CN’s III, IV, V1 & VI & ophthalmic veins
Foramen rotundum which transmits the maxillary nerve (V2)
Foramen ovale- which transmits the mandibular nerve (V3)
Superior orbital fissure
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale

17. Middle Cranial Fossa
Foramen spinosum which transmits the middle meningeal artery
Foramen lacerum- nothing is transmitted vertically thru this foramen although the internal carotid artery and some nerves pass across the foramen horizontally
Grooves for the greater & lesser petrosal nerves are located along the anterior slope of the petrous portion of the temporal bone
Foramen spinosum
Petrosal grooves
Foramen
lacerum

18. Middle Cranial Fossa
Petrous portion of the temporal bone houses the middle and inner ear cavities
Arcuate eminence- marks the roof of the anterior semicircular canal of the inner ear cavity
Trigeminal impression is located just anteromedial the arcuate eminence
Trigeminal impression
Arcuate eminence

19. Posterior Cranial Fossa
The largest & deepest of the three fossae
Formed mainly by the occipital bone and the petrous & mastoid part of the temporal bone
Occipital
bone
Temporal bone
Petrous portion

20. Posterior Cranial Fossa
Clivus marks the anterior portion of the occipital bone
Foramen magnum- large foramen that marks the transition from the medulla to the spinal cord
Posterior to the foramen magnum is the internal occipital crest and internal occipital protuberance
clivus
Occipital crest
Internal occipital
protuberance

21. Posterior Cranial Fossa
Sulcus for transverse and S-shaped sigmoid sinuses (both dural venous sinuses)
Jugular foramen
1-Internal jugular Vein
2-Inferior petrosal sinus
3-Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
4-Vagus (CN X)
5-Accessory (CN XI)
Jugular
foramen
Groove for the
Sigmoid sinus
Transverse
Sinus groove

22. Posterior Cranial Fossa
Internal acoustic meatus is located just anterosuperior to the jugular foramen
Internal acoustic meatus transmits the facial nerve (CN VII) and vestibulochochlear nerve (CN VIII) along with the labyrinthine artery
Hypoglossal canal for the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) lies superior to the margin of the foramen magnum
Internal
acoustic
meatus
Hypoglossal
canal

23. Cribrifrom plate-CN I
Optic Canal CN II
Superior Orbital Fissure
CN III, IV, V1 & VI
Hypoglossal Canal
CN XII
Jugular Foramen- CN IX, X and XI
Internal Acoustic Meatus-
CN VII & VIII
Foramen Rotundum- CN V2
Foramen Ovale-CN V3

24. Mandible

26. Mandible = فک پایینی

27. Mandible = فک پایینی

28. Mandible = فک پایینی

29. Mandible Condylar Process Mandibular foramen Coronoid process
Infant
Coronoid process
Mylohyoid line
Lingula
Ramus
Alveolar Part (crest)
Mental foramen
Body
4/26/2017

30. Mandible Mandibular notch Condylar process Ramus Body Mental spines
Bone loss due to tooth loss
4/26/2017

31. Hyoid لامی =

32. Hyoid Bone