1. Immigration By Rachael Bajema, Daveen Ehrlich, Kathi Gentry, Lana Opalko, and Cristy Pellegrini

2. History The history of immigration to the United States is a continuing story of peoples from more populated continents, particularly Europe and also Africa and Asia, crossing oceans to the new land. Historians do not treat the first indigenous settlers as immigrants. Starting around 1600 British and other Europeans settled primarily on the east coast. Later Africans were brought as slaves. During the nation's history, the growing country experienced successive waves of immigration which rose and fell over time, particularly from Europe, with the cost of transoceanic transportation sometimes paid by travelers becoming indentured servants after their arrival in the New World. At other times, immigration rules became more restrictive. With the ending of numerical restrictions in 1965 and the advent of cheap air travel immigration has increased from Asia and Latin America. Attitudes toward new immigrants have cycled between favorable and hostile since the 1790s. Wikipedia. Retrieved April 30, 2013 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_immigration_to_the_United_States

3. Immigration is not an issue just in the United States. It is a global issue that other countries face as well. Shah, A. (2008, May 26). Immigration. Retrieved April 30, 2013 from http://www.globalissues.org/article/537/immigration.http://www.globalissues.org/article/537/immigration

4. Migrations Map http://migrationsmap.net/

5. Visas and Green Cards Family Based Immigration There are 480,000 family based visas available every year. Employment Based Immigration There are more than 20 types of visas for temporary nonimmigrant workers. Refugees Are admitted to the United States based upon an inability to return to their home countries because of a “well- founded fear of persecution” due to their race, membership in a social group, political opinion, religion, or national origin. Refugees get a green card within approximately a year of being a citizen.

6. Immigrants and Taxes Immigrants pay taxes The most important taxes undocumented workers pay is in payroll taxes The majority of undocumented immigrants pay income and payroll taxes, most using a special tax ID number called an ITIN. They pay taxes out of civic duty and to not draw suspicion from the IRS.

7. Anchor Babies Children that are had in the United States by undocumented mothers so that the child can provide an anchor for parents to later gain citizenship The United states is one of 33 other countries that grant birthright citizenship The child who is the anchor has to be over 21 before he or she can pursue citizenship for the parents The parents must return to their home country for at least ten years before their papers can be processed

8. Illegal Immigrant who marries a citizen An Illegal alien doesn’t automatically become a citizen by marrying one If the person entered the US legally but overstayed his or her visa, than it is possible for him or her to “adjust status” to that of a permanent resident (get a green card) if the US citizen fill out a series of petitions, including one that shows that the US citizen can financially support the alien If the alien is illegal because she or he snuck into the Unites States without any visa or permit, than that person cannot “adjust status” and has to leave the country before obtaining a green card If the person was in the country for over a year illegally, than he or she is not allowed to come back for ten years

9. Rights and responsibilities of an Immigrant What you do now as a permanent resident can affect your ability to become a U.S. citizen later. As a permanent resident, you have the right to: Live and work permanently anywhere in the U.S. Apply to become a U.S. citizen once you are eligible. Request visas for your husband or wife and unmarried children to live in the U.S. Get Social Security, Supplemental Security Income, and Medicare benefits, if you are eligible. Own property in the U.S. And more…

10. Public benefits for Immigrants SNAP (food stamps) SSI TANF Healthcare Sponsorship

11. Resources for “naturalization” process and INS Qualifications/requirements Process Cost CATHOLIC IMMIGRATION LEGAL SERVICES INS

12. Enforcement  Immigration reform is long overdue  Language of laws seems to punish process of naturalization  Current enforcement of illegal deportation is often vague and inconsistent “Not to enforce the law is a disservice to all immigrants— especially legal.” Legal immigrant in Chicago, “A Better Life “

13. Department of Homeland Security  Department of Homeland Security (DHS)  Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) - 2 nd largest investigative agency in DHS - Enforces National immigration and customs laws - 20,000 employees in all 50 states and 47 foreign countries - Created in 2003

14. Customs and Border Protection  US Customs and Border Protection (CPB) - Secures borders and points of entry - Trade: Port Security & Cargo Container Inspection - Travel: State Dept. International Travel info - ESTA and GLOBAL entry programs

15. Deportation  Illegal immigrant  Staying after work or other visa expires  Criminal activity  Medical deportation  Non-criminal deportation 10 years, then apply for visa

16. Minutemen  Volunteer organization  Says their Mission is to enforce current laws  Observation of migratory areas near borders  Not supposed to have any contact with aliens  Reports to CBP  Rogue vigilante entity makes headlines

17. Immigration Reform Obama’s Blueprint for reform Gang of 8 Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013

18. Border Security Plan to secure the southern border 5 years to apprehend illegal border crossers Accountability Additional security resources

19. Interior Enforcement Makes E-Verify mandatory for employers Photo-matching Social Security number security Implement electronic exit system

20. Legal Immigration Registered Provisional Immigrant Status (RPI) Creates new Merit based visa system Increases family-based immigration Increases employment-based immigration Repeals Diversity Visa program

21. Temporary Visas for Skilled Workers H-1B Visa reform Raises the cap from 65,000 to 110,000 For those with advanced degrees in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) from US schools

22. Temporary Visas for Low-Skilled Workers New W-Visa Employer and position registration Rights and prohibitions

23. AgJOBS New agricultural guest worker visa programs: - W-3 visa - W-2 visa - Replaces current H-2A program

24. On the waiting list CountryApplicants Mexico1,316,118 Philippines462,145 India332,846 Vietnam267,281 China-mainland born240,637 Dominican Republic169,422 Bangladesh161,896 Pakistan115,903 Haiti106,312 Cuba87,485 El Salvador77,107 Jamaica61,204 All Others1,014,337 Worldwide Total4,412,693

25. References For Reform Section: Nowrasteh, A. (2013, January 28). The good and bad of the immigration reform blueprint. Retrieved April 17, 2013 from http://www.cato.org/blog/good-bad-immigration-reform-blueprint?gclid=CMH2nIXu0LYCFUeCQgod_hcAsg. http://www.cato.org/blog/good-bad-immigration-reform-blueprint?gclid=CMH2nIXu0LYCFUeCQgod_hcAsg United States. State Department. (2012, November 1). Annual report of immigrant visa applicants in the family- sponsored and employment- based preferences registered at the national visa center as of November 1, 2012. Retrieved April 26, 2013, from http://www.travel.state.gov/pdf/WaitingListItem.pdf.http://www.travel.state.gov/pdf/WaitingListItem.pdf United States. The White House. (2013, January 29). Creating an immigration system for the 21 st century. Retrieved April 19, 2013 from http://www.whitehouse.gov/issues/immigration.http://www.whitehouse.gov/issues/immigration United States. (2013, April 16). Outline of the border security, economic opportunity, and Immigration modernization act of 2013. Retrieved April 25, 2013, http://www.scribd.com/doc/136230105/Outline-of-the-Border-Security-Economic- Opportunity-and-Immigration-Modernization-Act-of-2013.http://www.scribd.com/doc/136230105/Outline-of-the-Border-Security-Economic- Opportunity-and-Immigration-Modernization-Act-of-2013

26. For History: Shah, A. (2008, May 26). Immigration. Retrieved April 30, 2013 from http://www.globalissues.org/article/537/immigration. http://www.globalissues.org/article/537/immigration Wikipedia. Retrieved April 30, 2013 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_immigration_to_the_United_States. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_immigration_to_the_United_States BBC News. Europe and Immigration. Retrieved April 30, 2013 from http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/world/2002/europe_and_immigration/