1. Fungi of superficial keratinized infection
Malassezia furfur（秕糠马拉癣菌）.

2. Fungi of skin infection
The most important are dermatophytes, a group of closely fungi classified into 3 genera:
Trichophyton（毛癣菌）
Epidermophyton （表皮癣菌0
Microsprum（小孢子癣菌）
Invade only skin, hair, and nails.

5. Fungi of subcutaneous infection
Chromomycosis (caused by several species of black molds; Fonsecaea edrosoi, Cladosporium carrionii, Phialophora verrua have been isolated most frequently).

6. Fungi of deep infection
Cryptococcus neoformans
Histoplasma capsulatum
Coccidioides immites
( 厌酷球孢子菌〕
Blastomyes dermatitides
（皮炎芽生菌〕
Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
（巴西副孢子菌〕

7. Cryptococcus neoformans
Oval , budding yeast surrounded by a wide polysaccharide capsule

8. Cryptococcus neoformans

9. Cryptococcus neoformans
cryptococcosis
No human to human transmission
Infection follows inhalation of the cell of C. neoformans, which , in nature , are thought to be small , allowing the organism to enter deep into the lung.

10. Opportunistic Mycoses
Candida（假丝酵母菌）
Aspergillus （曲霉）
Mucor（毛霉）
Pneumocystis carinii(卡氏肺孢菌）

11. Candida albicans

13. Etiological agents
C.albicans C.guilliermondi C.stellatoidea C.krusei C.tropicalis
C.glabratat C.parapsilosis C.viswanathii C.kefyr* C.lusitaniae

14. Clinical categories Cutaneous: intetrigo,paronychia,onychomycosis
Mucocutaneous: perleche, thrush, perianal disease
Chronic: mucocutaneous candidiasis, guanulomatous disease
Systemic: fungemia ,endocarditis,pulmonary infection,urinary tract infection, meningitis, endophthalmitis

16. Round to oval, single cells which reproduce by budding
Yeasts
Round to oval, single cells which reproduce by budding

17. Yeasts
Candida
Cryptococcus

18. Candidiasis
Candida albicans

19. Ecological Niche
Candida Albicans
Endogenous

20. Infections with Candida usually occur when there is some alteration in:
Cellular immunity
Normal Flora
Physiology

21. CANDIDIASIS Skin Vaginitis Urinary tract Mucous membranes Septicemia
Endocarditis
Pneumonia

24. The fourth most common nosocomial bloodstream infection.
CANDIDIASIS
The fourth most common nosocomial bloodstream infection.

25. Clinical Specimens Candida
Sputum
Scrapings from lesions
Blood smears
Vaginal discharge
Urine
Feces

26. Candida albicans

27. 8-12 MICRONS

28. Pseudomycelium

29. GERM TUBES

30. GEOGRAPHIC OCCURENCE
WORLDWIDE

31. Therapy
Amphotericin B
Nystatin
Ketoconazole
Fluconazole
Itraconazole

33. Cryptococcus neoformans
Cryptococcosis
Cryptococcus neoformans

34. Cryptococcosis
A sub-acute or chronic infection which may affect the lungs or skin but most commonly manifests as a meningitis

37. Cryptococcus neoformans
Ecological Niche
Cryptococcus neoformans
pigeon droppings
Chicken droppings

39. Specimen of choice
Cerebrospinal fluid

41. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
WORLDWIDE

42. Clinical Specimens
Cryptococcosis
CSF
Sputum
Pus
Biopsy material
urine

47. Cryptococcosis Serological Tests Indirect fluorescent antibody
Tube Agglutination
Latex Agglutination
(measures antigen)

49. Drugs of Choice
Cryptococcosis
5-Fluorocytosine
Amphotericin B